运动角度:肠道菌群对机体的益处及其机制  

Exercise perspective:Benefits and mechanisms of gut microbiota on the body

作　　者：高鑫 张培珍 GAO Xin;ZHANG Peizhen(School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动医学与康复学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中南大学学报（医学版）》2024年第4期508-515,共8页Journal of Central South University ：Medical Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2010201)。

摘　　要：肠道菌群是指寄居在肠道内数量庞大、种类繁多的微生物群。遗传、环境因素(如运动、饮食)和早期生活(如婴儿期的喂养方式)等均可影响肠道菌群在机体内的生态平衡。肠道生态失调与肠外疾病(如帕金森综合征、骨质疏松、自身免疫性疾病等)相关,故肠道菌群的紊乱可能是这些疾病发病的原因之一。运动对多种疾病有益处,肠道菌群参与神经系统、运动系统、免疫系统的调控。肠道菌群可以通过肠-脑轴、肠-肌轴、免疫等途径影响机体的健康状态;中等强度的有氧运动可以增加肠道菌群的数量,改变菌群丰度,但短期运动对菌群的α多样性无明显影响,抗阻运动对于肠道菌群亦无明显的调控作用。Gut microbiota refers to the vast and diverse community of microorganisms residing in the intestines.Factors such as genetics,environmental influences(e.g.,exercise,diet),and early life experiences(e.g.,infant feeding methods)can all affect the ecological balance of gut microbiota within the body.Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with extra-intestinal diseases such as Parkinson’s syndrome,osteoporosis,and autoimmune diseases,suggesting that disturbances in gut microbiota may be one of the causes of these diseases.Exercise benefits various diseases,with gut microbiota playing a role in regulating the nervous,musculoskeletal,and immune systems.Gut microbiota can impact the body’s health status through the gut-brain axis,gut-muscle axis,and immune pathways.Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can increase the quantity of gut microbiota and change microbial abundance,although short-term exercise does not significantly affect the alpha diversity of the microbiota.Resistance exercise also does not have a significant regulatory effect on gut microbiota.

关 键 词：肠道菌群 运动 代谢产物 生态平衡 生态失调 

分 类 号：G804.3[文化科学—运动人体科学]