运动通过“肌-骨-脑Crosstalk”改善绝经后骨质疏松认知障碍机制  

Exercise improves the mechanism of postmenopausal osteoporosis-induced central nervous system disorders through “muscle-bone-brain Crosstalk”

作　　者：郝莹[1] 张丽蓉 HAO Ying;ZHANG Lirong(College of Physical Education of Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学体育学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国骨质疏松杂志》2024年第7期1073-1080,共8页Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(21BTY078)。

摘　　要：女性绝经后骨质疏松发病率较高,绝经后可引起机体雌激素、胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1)、鸢尾素、骨钙素(osteocalcin, OCN)、骨保护素(osteoprotegerin, OPG)、脂联素、瘦素水平变化,进一步加重患者骨质疏松。骨细胞分泌的多种骨源性因子和骨骼肌细胞分泌的鸢尾素可穿过血脑屏障,与脑组织中特异性受体结合可有效改善认知障碍。运动可以从多方面有效改善骨质疏松患者认知障碍,首先,运动可以通过促进鸢尾素和骨源性因子分泌,保护神经元、抑制炎症、改善氧化应激;其次,运动亦可以有效改善下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴对雌激素和卵泡刺激素的调控;运动后脂联素、瘦素水平升高可以促进脑神经元生长分化和神经发生;运动后胰岛素样生长因子1水平显著升高,可有效促进骨、骨骼肌及脑神经的生长发育。综上,笔者通过对绝经后骨质疏松引起认知障碍,及运动改善绝经后骨质疏松引起的认知障碍相关机制进行梳理,旨在为该疾病的治疗提供理论依据。The incidence of osteoporosis is higher in women after menopause,which can cause changes in the levels of estrogen,insulin-like growth factor 1,irisin,osteocalcin,osteoprotectin,lipocalin and leptin.level changes,further aggravating osteoporosis in patients.Osteokines secreted by osteoblasts and irisin secreted by skeletal muscle cells can cross the blood-brain barrier and bind to specific receptors in brain tissue to effectively improve cognitive impairment.Exercise can effectively improve cognitive impairment in osteoporosis patients in various ways.Firstly,exercise can protect neurons,inhibit inflammation,and improve oxidative stress by promoting the secretion of irisin and bone-derived factors;secondly,exercise can also effectively improve the regulation of estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone by the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis;the elevation of the levels of lipocalin and leptin can promote the growth and differentiation of neurons in the brain and neurogenesis;the elevation of insulin-like receptors can promote the growth of neurons in the brain and neurogenesis.Insulin-like Growth Factor 1,which is significantly elevated after exercise,can effectively promote the growth and development of bone,skeletal muscle and brain nerves.In conclusion,this paper summarizes the cognitive impairment caused by postmenopausal osteoporosis and the mechanisms related to the improvement of postmenopausal osteoporosis-induced cognitive impairment by exercise,with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of this disease.

关 键 词：绝经后骨质疏松 认知障碍 运动干预 

分 类 号：R589.5[医药卫生—内分泌] R87[医药卫生—内科学]