南极冰间湖浮游植物生物量和生物生产力时空特征及影响因素研究进展  

Review of the spatial-temporal features of phytoplankton biomass and biological productivity in Antarctic polynyas and influencing factors

作　　者：江宁[1] 张召儒 JIANG Ning;ZHANG Zhaoru(School of Oceanography,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Key Laboratory for Polar Science,MNR,Polar Research Institute of China,Shanghai 200136,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学海洋学院,上海200240 [2]自然资源部极地科学重点实验室,中国极地研究中心(中国极地研究所),上海200136

出　　处：《极地研究》2024年第2期266-285,共20页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC2807601);国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1509102);国家自然科学基金(41941008和41876221);上海科学技术委员会(20230711100和21QA1404300);南极海洋对气候变化的影响和响应(IRSCC1-02-01B);上海交通大学基础研究特区计划(21TQ1400201);上海极地前沿科学研究基地(SCOPS)资助。

摘　　要：南极冰间湖在气候变化中和生态系统环境中扮演着重要角色。本文通过回顾南极罗斯海、阿蒙森海、松岛和默茨等4个冰间湖浮游植物生物量和生产力的时空分布特征和变化规律、物理环境参数和气候模态对冰间湖中叶绿素a和浮游植物水华开始及持续时间的影响,得出以下几点结论:(1)罗斯海冰间湖是南极近海生物生产力最高的区域,占南大洋总生产力的28%;阿蒙森海和松岛冰间湖在37个南极冰间湖生态系统中单位面积的生产力最高;默茨冰间湖浮游植物生物量年际变化明显。(2)海冰密集度、风速和云量等物理参数与浮游植物生物量变化密切相关,其相关关系的季节性和地域特征明显。海冰密集度主要通过改变冰间湖开放水域的面积来影响可到达海表的光合有效辐射;风速通过影响水体的垂直混合强度来改变营养盐及浮游植物的垂向输运;云量对冰间湖生态系统的影响是可见光强度及紫外线辐射量之间平衡的结果。(3)在部分冰间湖,浮游植物生物量的年际变化同调控南半球高纬度气候的主要模态,如南半球环状模和半年振荡等存在显著相关性。未来工作可结合长期卫星遥感观测、现场观测和数值模拟,进一步开展气候模态对冰间湖浮游植物生物量年际变化的物理-生态耦合机制、冰间湖生态系统生产力各个尺度变异规律和机制等的深入探究,从而更好地认知极地关键海区的生物地球化学循环过程及其气候效应。Polynyas play an important role in climate change and ecosystem environment.This paper reviews the spatial-temporal features and variations of phytoplankton biomass and productivity in four Antarctic polynyas,the Ross Sea,Amundsen Sea,Pine Island,and Mertz polynyas as well as the effects of physical parameters and climate modes on chlorophyll-a and the onset and duration of phytoplankton blooms in the polynyas.The conclusion of the paper are as follows:(1)the Ross Sea polynya is the area with the highest biological productivity in Antarctic marginal seas,accounting for 28%of the total productivity of the Southern Ocean;the Amundsen Sea and Pine Island polynyas have the highest productivity per unit area among 37 Antarctic polynyas ecosystems;there are obvious interannual variations of phytoplankton biomass in the Mertz polynya.(2)Sea ice concentration,wind speed,cloud cover,and other physical parameters are closely related to phytoplankton biomass,with obvious seasonal and regional characteristics.Sea ice concentration affects the photosynthetically available radiation reaching the sea surface by changing the amount of open water in polynyas;wind speed affects the vertical mixing intensity and changes the vertical distributions of nutrients and phytoplankton;the influence of cloud cover on polynya ecosystems is the result of the balance between the intensities of visible light and ultraviolet radiation.In some polynyas,there is a significant correlation between the interannual variation of phytoplankton biomass and the climate modes(such as the Southern Annular Mode and Semiannual Oscillation).regulating the climate variability at high latitudes in the southern hemisphere.In the future,long-term satellite remote sensing observations,in-situ observations and numerical simulations can be combined to explore the physical-ecological coupling mechanism between the climate modes and phytoplankton biomass,and advance the understanding of the variations and mechanisms of ecosystem productivity in polynyas with the goal o

关 键 词：南极冰间湖 浮游植物生物量 时空特征 环境变量 气候模态 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]