黏重黑土条件下马铃薯收获机挖掘装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of potato harvester excavation device under sticky and heavy black soil conditions

作　　者：吕金庆[1] 刘金妮 竹筱歆 李季成[1] 齐钰 LYU Jinqing;LIU Jinni;ZHU Xiaoxin;LI Jicheng;QI Yu(School of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2024年第5期76-89,共14页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFD2000901);四川省“揭榜挂帅”马铃薯单产提升关键核心技术及装备研发项目(川农函2023-500);国家马铃薯产业技术体系岗位科学家专项(CARS-09-P23)。

摘　　要：针对东北地区黏重黑土条件下马铃薯收获机工作阻力大、挖掘铲寿命短、挖掘质量难以保证等问题,将双行升运链式马铃薯收获机挖掘装置改进并设计一种分离式防堵马铃薯挖掘装置。采用理论分析研究方法,解析马铃薯收获机关键部件挖掘铲挖掘过程,探明影响马铃薯收获机挖掘铲工作阻力的主要影响因素;结合黏重黑土条件下马铃薯收获的农艺要求,以行驶速度、铲面铲宽和铲面倾斜角度为试验因素,以挖掘铲最大工作阻力和土壤最大压缩力为试验指标,进行多因素正交仿真试验,设计得出,挖掘铲在保证良好碎土效果且不造成马铃薯损伤的最佳参数,即行驶速度1.11 m·s^(-1),铲面铲宽150 mm,铲面倾斜角度30°时,挖掘铲最大工作阻力为566 N,土壤最大压缩力为152 N。田间验证试验表明,各项指标达到要求且均优于改进前整片式挖掘铲马铃薯收获机。Aiming at the issues of high working resistance of potato harvesters,short service life of digging shovels,and difficulty in ensuring digging quality under the conditions of sticky and heavy black soil in the Northeast China region,improvements had been made to the digging device of the dual-row lifting and transport chain-type potato harvester,and a detachable anti-clogging potato digging device had been designed.Theoretical analysis methods were applied to study the digging process of the key components of the potato harvester,to clarify the main factors affecting the working resistance of the digging shovel of the potato harvester.Combined with the agronomic requirements for potato harvesting under sticky and heavy black soil conditions,a multi-factor orthogonal simulation test was conducted with travel speed,shovel width,and shovel inclination angle as test factors,and the maximum working resistance of the digging shovel and the maximum soil compression force as test indicators.The optimal parameters for the digging shovel to ensure a good soil crushing effect without causing potato damage were designed.That was,at a travel speed of 1.11 m·s^(-1),a shovel width of 150 mm,and a shovel inclination angle of 30°,the maximum working resistance of the digging shovel was 566 N,and the maximum soil compression force was 152 N.Field verification tests showed that all the indicators met the requirements and were better than those of the improved integral digging shovel potato harvester.

关 键 词：农业机械 机械化 试验 马铃薯挖掘铲 黏重黑土 减黏减阻 

分 类 号：S225.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]