滇中亚高山草甸土理化性质和崩解特性关系  

Relationship Between Physicochemical Properties and Disintegration Characteristics of Subalpine Meadow Soils in Central Yunnan

作　　者：王忠良 范春梅 段继琪 陈正发 李建兴 段青松 WANG Zhongliang;FAN Chunmei;DUAN Jiqi;CHEN Zhengfa;LI Jianxing;DUAN Qingsong(College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;College of Water Resource,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Power China Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited,Kunming 650051,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学水利学院,昆明650201 [3]中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司,昆明650051

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第4期170-180,共11页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：云南省水利科技重大专项(2023BG204001);国家自然科学基金项目(42167046)。

摘　　要：[目的]工程扰动加剧亚高山草甸水土流失和植被破坏。研究滇中亚高山草甸土理化性质和崩解特性关系,为亚高山草甸水土流失防控和植被保护提供参考。[方法]通过X射线衍射、电镜扫描和静水崩解试验等,测定滇中亚高山草甸土矿物成分、微观结构等理化性质和崩解特性,分析土壤崩解特性与理化性质的相关性,探讨滇中亚高山草甸土崩解原因。[结果](1)滇中亚高山草甸土遇水易崩解,同一土层不同母质抗崩解特性表现为砂岩>石灰岩≈玄武岩,同一母质不同土层表现为淋溶层>淀积层>母质层。(2)相关性分析表明,土壤平均崩解速率与有机质(r=-0.84)、全氮(r=-0.83)呈极显著负相关,与黏粒(r=0.88)呈极显著正相关,与蒙脱石(r=0.68)、四氧化三铁(r=0.77)呈显著正相关。(3)生物作用和蒙脱石、伊利石等亲水性黏土矿物的膨胀作用是影响滇中亚高山草甸土崩解特性的主要原因。[结论]滇中亚高山草甸土不同母质抗崩解特性为砂岩>石灰岩≈玄武岩,不同土层抗崩解特性为淋溶层>淀积层>母质层;滇中亚高山草甸土遇水易崩解,生物作用和蒙脱石、伊利石等亲水性黏土矿物的膨胀作用是影响滇中亚高山草甸土崩解性的主要原因。[Objective]The engineering disturbances have triggered soil erosion events in subalpine meadows,intensify regional soil erosion and vegetation destruction.The relationship between physical and chemical properties and disintegration characteristics of subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan was studied to provide reference for soil and water conservation and control and vegetation protection in sub-alpine meadow ecosystems.[Methods]By X-ray diffraction,electron microscopy scanning,and static water disintegration experiments were conducted to determine the physico-chemical properties,mineral composition,microscopic structure,and disintegration characteristics of subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan.The correlation between soil disintegration and physico-chemical properties was analyzed to explore the reason of soil disintegration in sub-alpine meadows of central Yunnan.[Results](1)The subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan exhibited a high susceptibility to disintegration when encountering water.The resistance to disintegration of different parent materials in the same soil layer were as follows sandstone>limestone≈basalt.The characteristics of different soil layers in the same parent material were as follows leaching horizon>deposition layer>parent material layer.(2)Correlation analysis showed that the average soil disintegration rate was significantly negative correlated with organic matter(r=-0.84)and total nitrogen(r=-0.83),positively correlated with clay content(r=0.88),and positively correlated with montmorillonite(r=0.68)and hematite(r=0.77).(3)The main factors affecting the disintegration of subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan were biological processes and swelling of hydrophilic clay minerals such as montmorillonite and illite.[Conclusion]The resistance to disintegration of subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan was ranked as follows:Sandstone>limestone≈basalt for different parent materials,and leaching horizon>deposition layer>parent material layer for different soil layers.The subalpine

关 键 词：滇中 亚高山草甸土 理化性质 崩解特性 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]