季节性冻融期不同秸秆还田方式下黑土温度特征  

Dynamics of Soil Temperature Under Different Methods of Straw Restoration in Black Soil During Seasonal Freeze-Thaw Period

作　　者：李爽 郭美莲 范昊明[1,2] 贾燕锋 马仁明[1,2] LI Shuang;GUO Meilian;FAN Haoming;JIA Yanfeng;MA Renming(College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Control and Ecological Restoration,Shenyang 110866,China;Liaoning Zhice Natural Resources Survey Planning Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866 [2]辽宁省水土流失防控与生态修复重点实验室,沈阳110866 [3]辽宁智测自然资源调查规划有限公司,沈阳110866

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第4期288-299,共12页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500700,2016YFE0202900)。

摘　　要：[目的]为探究不同秸秆还田方式对季节性冻融期黑土温度的影响。[方法]通过田间温度监测,以大豆田为研究对象,设置秸秆覆盖还田(FG)和秸秆翻混还田(FH)2种还田方式,还田量分别为秸秆总量的30%(59670 kg/hm^(2)),60%(119340 kg/hm^(2)),90%(179010 kg/hm^(2)),并设置裸地为对照(CK)共7种处理。各处理自地表向下沿土壤垂直剖面分别设置5,10,20,30 cm 4个土层深度,分析冻融期不同秸秆还田方式及还田量下土壤温度变化特征。[结果](1)秸秆还田使土壤进入不同冻融阶段的时间滞后于裸地,且有效提高土壤最低温度和降低最高温度的变化范围,其中最大提温、降温率均发生在FG90处理,分别为3.0~6.1,1.5~5.2℃。(2)秸秆还田减弱土壤的温度变异性和与气温的相关性,最大变异系数和相关系数发生在裸地5 cm土层,分别为6.54,0.82;最小发生在FG90处理30 cm土层,分别为0.82,0.26。土壤温度变异性大小关系为CK>FG30>FH30>FH60>FG60>FH90>FG90,土壤温度与气温相关性大小关系为CK>FH30>FG30>FH60>FH90>FG60>FG90。(3)裸地冻结和解冻速率最大且冻融周期最短,冻结速率为0.19℃/h,解冻速率为0.60℃/h,最小冻结速率发生在FH90处理,为0.04℃/h,最小解冻速率发生在FG90处理,为0.05℃/h。(4)随土层深度的增加,土壤始冻阶段、始融阶段逐渐增加,但冻结时长逐渐减小,FG90处理延缓冻融效果最明显,始冻阶段、始融阶段分别为8,10天。[结论]研究结果定量描述冻融期不同秸秆还田措施下黑土温度特征,明确不同秸秆还田措施之间对土壤温度影响的差异,对于黑土区秸秆资源合理利用及保护性耕作具有重要指导意义。[Objective]To investigate the effects of different straw returning methods on the temperature of black soil during seasonal freeze-thaw period.[Methods]By monitoring the field temperature,the soybean field was selected as the research object,and two types of returning methods were set,namely,straw mulching(FG)and straw mixing(FH).The amount of returned straw was 30%(59670 kg/hm^(2)),60%(119340 kg/hm^(2))and 90%(179010 kg/hm^(2)),respectively,and the bare land was designated as the control treatment(CK)in a total of seven treatments.Four soil depths of 5,10,20 and 30 cm below the surface along the vertical profile of soil were set to analyze the characteristics of soil temperature changes during the freezing and thawing period under different straw return methods and amounts.[Results](1)Straw returning to the field resulted in the soil entering various freeze-thaw stages at a time lagging behind that of the bare land,and effectively raised the range of the minimum soil temperature and lowered the maximum temperature,of which both the maximum temperature raising and lowering occurred in the FG90 treatment,which were 3.0~6.1℃and 1.5~5.2℃,respectively.(2)Straw returning weakened the soil temperature variability and correlation with air temperature.The maximum coefficient of variation and coefficient of variation and correlation occurred in the bare soil layer of 5 cm,which were 6.54 and 0.82,respectively.The minimum occurred in the 30 cm soil layer of the FG90 treatment,with values of 0.82 and 0.26,respectively.The relationship between soil temperature variability was CK>FG30>FH30>FH60>FG60>FH90>FG90,and the relationship between soil temperature and air temperature was CK>FH30>FG30>FH60>FH90>FG60>FG90>FG90.(3)The freezing and thawing rates of bare land were the highest and the freezing-thawing periods were the shortest,with a freezing rate of 0.19℃/h and thawing rate of 0.60℃/h.The minimum freezing rate occurred in FH90 treatment(0.04℃/h)and the minimum thawing rate occurred in FG90 treatment(0.05℃/h).(4)

关 键 词：秸秆还田 黑土 土壤温度 冻融 

分 类 号：S152.4[农业科学—土壤学]