东北典型黑土区小流域黑土层厚度及影响因素  

The Thickness of Black Soil Layer and Its Influencing Factors in a Small Watershed of Typical Black Soil Region in Northeast China

作　　者：刘若轩 王志强 谭玉萍 LIU Ruoxuan;WANG Zhiqiang;TAN Yuping(School of Geography,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理科学学部地理学院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第4期346-353,361,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500803,2022YFE011530004)。

摘　　要：[目的]为掌握典型黑土区小流域黑土层厚度现状及其空间变化格局,实现小流域黑土层厚度动态监测。[方法]研究选择典型黑土区黑龙江省嫩江市鹤山农场小流域,以100 m间距均匀布设样点,用土钻采集由地表到母质的原状土剖面土样,判断黑土层厚度,同时基于无人机航拍影像提取地形、土地利用等数据,分析小流域黑土层厚度及其影响因素。[结果]在小流域295个样点中,黑土层厚度变化于0—160 cm,平均44.1 cm,“破皮黄”(黑土层厚度≤20 cm)占17.63%,薄层(<30 cm)占43.39%,中层(30—60 cm)占36.27%,厚层(>60 cm)占20.34%;厚层黑土主要分布在小流域的坡底、沟道附近和其他地形平缓部位,薄层黑土主要分布在陡坡和砂砾质母质区域,其他区域以中层黑土为主;地形位置指数、曲率、坡度等地形参数与黑土层厚度存在显著的相关性;耕地黑土层厚度显著低于草地和林地。[结论]黑土层厚度在小流域内存在显著的空间异质性,这主要受地形、土壤母质和土地利用的影响。研究结果可作为代表区域黑土层厚度动态监测的基础之一,同时可为小流域水土保持措施制定提供数据支撑。[Objective]In order to grasp the current situation and spatial variability pattern of black soil layer thickness in the typical black soil region within a small watershed,and realize dynamic monitoring of black soil layer thickness in such areas.[Methods]This study selected a small watershed of Heshan Farm in Nenjiang City,Heilongjiang Province.Soil sampling points were uniformly distributed at intervals of 100 meters,and undisturbed soil samples were collected from surface to parent material using soil augers to determine the thickness of the black soil layer.Meanwhile,terrain and land use data were extracted based on UAV aerial photography data.The study analyzed the thickness of black soil layer in the small watershed and its influencing factors.[Results]Among the 295 sampling points in the small watershed,the thickness of black soil layer varied from 0 to 160 cm,with an average of 44.1 cm.“Popihuang”(black soil layer thickness≤20 cm)accounted for 17.63%,thin black soil(<30 cm)comprised 43.39%,medium layer(30—60 cm)constituted 36.27%,and thick layer(>60 cm)accounted for 20.34%.Thick layer black soil was primarily distributed in the lower slopes,in the vicinity of gullies,and other gently sloping areas of the watershed,while thin layer black soil was predominantly found in steep slopes and areas with sandy gravel parent material,and medium layer black soil was predominant in other regions.Terrain indices such as topographic position index,curvature,slope exhibited significant correlations with the black soil layer thickness.The thickness of black soil layers in cultivated land was significantly lower compared to grassland and forest land.[Conclusion]The thickness of black soil layer exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity within the small watershed,which is primarily influenced by terrain characteristic,parent material and landuse.The research findings can be used as one of the bases for dynamic monitoring of regional black soil layer thickness,and can provide data support for the formulation of soil

关 键 词：东北黑土区 小流域 地形 黑土 黑土层厚度 

分 类 号：S152.2[农业科学—土壤学]