冲击载荷下液态铝电解电容失效规律研究  

Failure Law of Liquid Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor under Impact Load

作　　者：李洪伟[1] 王家乐 郭子如[1] 鹿华雨 柳祥威 LI Hongwei;WANG Jiale;GUO Ziru;LU Huayu;LIU Xiangwei(School of Chemical Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technolodge,Huainan Anhui 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学化学工程学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《安徽理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期36-41,共6页Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology:Natural Science

摘　　要：目的为了探究电子雷管内部电容在冲击载荷作用下的失效规律。方法以电子雷管中常用的液态铝电解电容为例,利用水下爆炸的方法对液态铝电解电容进行冲击实验。研究不同强度冲击载荷作用下液态铝电解电容的电压变化特性,通过电流变化曲线确定电容的失效过程,通过解剖失效样品对失效原因进行分析。结果结果表明,液态铝电解电容在受到冲击载荷作用后,电压会瞬间下降,随后再缓慢上升,失效模式为短路失效;在13.6MPa~35.7MPa的超压作用下,电容均出现此类现象,且随着冲击强度增大,电压下降幅度增大,电压恢复所需要的时间变长;电容发生短路失效的原因主要包括溢出的电解液与阳极引线接触、阳极铝箔表层氧化膜在应力作用下发生撕裂。结论液态铝电解电容受冲击后易短路失效,具体失效规律可为抗振型电子雷管的设计提供参考。Objective To investigate the failure law of internal capacitors in electronic detonators under impact load.Methods Taking the liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitors commonly used in electronic detonators as an example,a shock experiment was conducted on the capacitors by using underwater explosion.The voltage characteristics of liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitors under different intensity impact loads were studied,and the failure process of the capacitors was determined by analyzing the current change curves.The failure causes were analyzed by dissecting the failed samples.Results The results showed that when the liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitor was subjected to the impact load,the voltage would drop instantaneously and then rise slowly,and the short circuit failure mode.Under the overpressure ranging from 13.6 MPa to 35.7 MPa,all the capacitors exhibited short-circuit failure.The voltage drop amplitude increased with the increase of impact strength,,and the time required for voltage recovery became longer.The main causes of short-circuit failure in the capacitors included electrolyte overflow and short-circuit caused by contact between the anode lead and the oxidation film on the surface of the anode aluminum foil tearing under stress.Conclusion Liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitor is prone to short-circuit failure after impact.The specific failure law can provide reference for the design of anti-vibration electronic detonator.

关 键 词：液态铝电解电容 水下爆炸 电子雷管 失效分析 

分 类 号：O383.3[理学—流体力学]