FCC废催化剂有价金属提取及无害化处置工艺研究  

Research on Valuable Metal Extraction and Harmless Disposal Process of FCC Waste Catalysts

作　　者：丁李节 王治飞 王为振 DING Lijie;WANG Zhifei;WANG Weizhen(Beijing Likonpec Technology Inc.,Beijing 100000,China;BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China)

机构地区：[1]北京立诚石化技术有限公司,北京100000 [2]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160

出　　处：《中国资源综合利用》2024年第6期12-16,21,共6页China Resources Comprehensive Utilization

摘　　要：流体催化裂化(Fluid Catalytic Cracking,FCC)是石油精炼厂的核心工艺,可以将原油中高沸点、高分子量的烃类组分转化为更有价值的汽油、烯烃气体和其他产品。但是,在使用过程中,FCC催化剂容易受到镍污染而失去活性。FCC废催化剂属于危险废物,我国FCC废催化剂产生量大,环境污染风险高,无害化处置压力大。为了提取FCC废催化剂中有价金属,分别开展酸浸试验、还原焙烧-氨浸试验、氯化焙烧试验和还原熔炼试验。结果发现,还原熔炼工艺脱镍效果最好。还原熔炼温度大于1 450 ℃,保温时间为1 h,氧化铁添加量为11%,煤粉添加量为5%时,熔炼渣镍含量小于0.1%,满足相关要求,镍的脱除率大于90%。还原熔炼工艺能够有效提取FCC废催化剂中的有价金属,实现废催化剂的资源化利用,显著降低废催化剂的排放量。Fluid Catalytic Cracking(FCC)is the core process of petroleum refineries,which can convert high boiling and high molecular weight hydrocarbon components in crude oil into more valuable gasoline,olefin gases,and other products.However,during use,FCC catalysts are prone to nickel contamination and loss of activity.FCC waste catalysts belong to hazardous waste,in China,the production of FCC waste catalysts is large,with high environmental pollution risks and high pressure for harmless disposal.In order to extract valuable metals from FCC waste catalysts,acid leaching tests,reduction roasting ammonia leaching tests,chlorination roasting tests,and reduction smelting tests are conducted separately.It is found that the reduction smelting process has the best nickel removal effect.When the reduction smelting temperature is greater than 1450℃,the holding time is 1 h,the amount of iron oxide added is 11%,and the amount of coal powder added is 5%,the nickel content in the smelting slag is less than 0.1%,which meets the relevant requirements,and the nickel removal rate is greater than 90%.The reduction smelting process can effectively extract valuable metals from FCC waste catalysts,achieve the resource utilization of waste catalysts,and significantly reduce the emissions of waste catalysts.

关 键 词：FCC废催化剂 有价金属 提取 无害化处置 还原熔炼 脱镍 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TF841.3[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]