垃圾焚烧飞灰特性及其重金属固化/稳定化研究进展  

Research progress on the characteristics of waste incineration fly ash and its heavy metal solidification/stabilization

作　　者：周海 陈敏 彭亚旗[1] 周育智 丁佳敏 孙远 陈孝杨 ZHOU Hai;CHEN Min;PENG Yaqi;ZHOU Yuzhi;DING Jiamin;SUN Yuan;CHEN Xiaoyang(School of Earth and Environment,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University,Zhejiang University,Taizhou 318000,China;Anhui Academician Workstation,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;School of Energy Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学地球与环境学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]浙江大学台州研究院,浙江台州318000 [3]安徽理工大学安徽省院士工作站,安徽淮南232001 [4]浙江大学能源工程学院,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《应用化工》2024年第6期1398-1405,共8页Applied Chemical Industry

基　　金：浙江省科技计划领雁计划(2022C03056);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41572333)。

摘　　要：通过对比分析飞灰重金属固化/稳定化技术发现,化学药剂稳定法在处理飞灰方面操作简单、能耗低,容易实现飞灰规模化处置,但也存在化学药剂价格昂贵的问题。若利用化学添加药剂协同机械化学法固化稳定飞灰重金属,在机械力作用下能与重金属化合物发生反应,可生成难溶性重金属化合物以达到稳定重金属的效果,处置过程能耗低、添加剂量少并且能同时稳定多种重金属,有望规模化实现飞灰的无害化及后续的资源化利用。处置后飞灰重金属的浸出风险易受环境因素影响,不同浸出阶段控制机制也不同,常用的环境风险指数法(RAC)在计算处置后飞灰环境风险时只考虑弱酸提取态占比情况可能会导致评估结果的差异,为准确预测处置后飞灰环境风险,多种评价方法结合评估处置后飞灰环境风险或许更能体现评估结果的准确性。研发高效经济的化学添加剂协同机械化学法固化稳定飞灰重金属,是实现飞灰无害化的重中之重,并且飞灰环境风险评估体系也有待进一步修缮。By comparing and analyzing the solidification/stabilization technology of heavy metals in fly ash,it is found that the chemical stabilization method is simple in operation,low in energy consumption,and easy to realize the large-scale disposal of fly ash,but there is also a problem of expensive chemicals.If the chemical additive agent is combined with the mechanochemical method to dispose the heavy metals in fly ash,it can react with heavy metal compounds under the action of mechanical force,and generate insoluble heavy metal compounds to achieve the effect of stabilizing heavy metals.The disposal process has low energy consumption,less additive amount and can stabilize multiple heavy metals at the same time,which is expected to realize the harmless and resource utilization of fly ash on a large scale.In addition,the leaching risk of heavy metals in fly ash after disposal is easily affected by environmental factors,and the control mechanism of different leaching stages is also different.The commonly used environmental Risk assessment code(RAC)only considers the proportion of mild acido-soluble fraction state when calculating the environmental risk of fly ash after disposal,which may lead to differences in the evaluation results.In order to accurately predict the environmental risk of fly ash after disposal,a combination of multiple evaluation methods to evaluate the environmental risk of fly ash after disposal may better reflect the accuracy of the evaluation results.The development of new effective and low-cost chemical stabilizers combined with mechanochemical methods to treat heavy metals in fly ash is an important means to control heavy metals in waste incineration fly ash,and it is necessary to further improve the environmental risk assessment system of fly ash after disposal.

关 键 词：飞灰 理化特性 重金属形态 浸出特性 环境风险 

分 类 号：TQ09[化学工程] X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]