非遗生产性保护中的文化主体性——以西藏擦擦文化展览馆的传承实践为例  

Cultural Subjectivity in the Productive Protection of"Intangible Cultural Heritage" under the Backgroundof Rural Revitalization

作　　者：郭雨 何东蕾 Guo Yu;He Donglei

机构地区：[1]四川博物院,四川成都610000

出　　处：《高原文化研究》2024年第2期78-86,共9页Plateau Culture Research

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门“绝学”和国别史等研究专项“西藏明清时期嘎玛嘎赤派绘画遗存调查与研究”(项目批准号:19VJX173);四川省文物局2023年文物博物馆领域科研课题“空间生产视野下博物馆儿童教育空间研究”(项目批准号:SCWW2023C05);中央民族大学2023年“道中华”研究生课程建设专项“汉藏交流中的唐卡流派史”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：生产性保护是传统技艺类非物质文化遗产保护的一种重要方式,一经提出便吸引相关学者就理论与实践层面进行探讨。近年来,当地文化持有者的主观能动性对非遗保护工作成果的影响受到研究者重视。擦擦是一种小型脱模泥塑,是藏族各项以祈福为主题的民俗活动中常见用品。擦擦制作技艺作为传统技艺类项目已列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录,并在西藏擦擦文化展览馆中得到有效的保护、传承与发扬。擦擦也完成了从仪式物品到文化藏品,再到“非遗文化”的转变。文章以主位视角为切入口,通过研究西藏擦擦文化展览馆工作人员在保护观念、藏品搜集、产品设计、技艺复兴和文化展示等方面的实践探索,探讨以地方文化为行为准则的文化持有者,在进行生产性保护实践时展示的特点。其实践满足时代要求与人民文化需求,将传统手工技艺回归社会日常生活中,在表现地方特色,维护地方稳定繁荣,加强群体感情联系,保护并传承历史文化,促进各民族交流、交往、交融,铸牢中华民族共同体意识等方面有积极作用,显示出中华优秀传统文化创造性转化与创新性发展成果。Productive protection is an important way to protect the intangible cultural heritage of traditional skills.Once proposed,it has attracted scholars to discuss on the theoretical and practical level.In recent years,the impact of the subjective initiative of local culture holders on the achievements of intangible cultural heritage protection has been paid attention to by researchers.s'atstsha is a small molded clay sculpture,which is commonly used in various folk activities with the theme of blessing.As a traditional skill,the making technique of s'atstsha has been listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list,and has been effectively protected,inherited and developed in the Tibetan S'atstsha Culture Exhibition Hall.S'atstsha has also completed the transformation from ritual items to cultural collections,and then to"intangible cultural heritage".The paper adopts an emic approach as the entry point,through the study of the practice of the staff of Tibetan s'atstsha Culture Exhibition Hall in the aspects of protection concept,collection collection,product design,skill revival and cultural exhibition,to explore the characteristics of the cultural holders who take local culture as the code of conduct in the practice of productive protection.The practice meets the requirements of the times and the cultural needs of the people,returns the traditional craftsmanship to the daily life of the society,plays a positive role in expressing local characteristics,maintaining local stability and prosperity,strengthening the group's emotional connection,protecting and inheriting history and culture,promoting exchanges among various ethnic groups,and solidly casting the consciousness of the Chinese nation community,showing the creative transformation and innovative development of China's excellent traditional culture.

关 键 词：文化主体性 非遗保护 擦擦 民族传统技艺 

分 类 号：K890[历史地理—民俗学]