“以史为鉴”与中国传统史学的历史理性  

“Learning from History” and the Historical Rationality of Chinese Ancient Historiography

作　　者：王记录 李红霞 WANG Ji-lu;LI Hong-xia(Institute of History and Culture,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang Henan 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学历史文化学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《廊坊师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期5-13,共9页Journal of Langfang Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“比较视野下的中国古代史学理论研究(下)”(22JJD770012)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“以史为鉴”是传统史学的核心理念之一,也是传统史学历史理性最重要的表现之一。从周人的“殷鉴”开始,人们便把前代的经验和教训当作处理现世各类事务的依据,“以史为鉴”成为政治家、史学家历史理性觉醒的最重要表现。在“以史为鉴”观念支配下,古代史家的理性思维表现在三个方面:强调完善德行必须读史;立足于现实而思考“以史为鉴”的意义;自觉运用历史知识讨论现实中出现的问题。“以史为鉴”还蕴含着丰富的人本主义理性精神,历代王朝内部政治文化结构的相似性、人类认识的局限性、重人事的观念、直书精神和信史原则以及历史境况的复杂性,都成为古代史家思考“以史为鉴”必要性与可行性的基础。“Learning from history”is one of the core concepts and one of the most important expressions of historical rationality in Chinese ancient historiography.Starting from Zhou Dynasty’s“Lessons from Yin Dynasty”,people have regarded the experiences and lessons of past generations as the basis for dealing with various contemporary affairs.“Learning from history”has become the most important expression of political leaders’and historians’awakening to historical rationality.Under the domination of the concept of“learning from history”,the rational thinking of ancient historians is manifested in three aspects:emphasizing the necessity of studying history to improve one’s morality and conduct;contemplating the significance of“learning from history”based on reality;consciously applying historical knowledge to discuss current problems.“Learning from history”also embodies rich humanistic rational spirit.The similarities of the internal political and cultural structures of successive dynasties,the limitations of human cognition,the concept of focusing on individuals,the spirit of speaking the truth,the principle of recording history faithfully,and the complexity of historical situations all have become the basis for ancient historians to consider the necessity and feasibility of“learning from history”.

关 键 词：以史为鉴 传统史学 历史理性 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]