涉档犯罪刑罚制度:问题检视、域外经验与完善思路  

The Criminal Penalty System for Archival Crimes:Problem Inspection,Extraterritorial Experience and Improvement Ideas

作　　者：蒋云飞 袁奎 JIANG Yunfei;YUAN Kui(Department of Teaching and Research of Law,Chongqing Administration College,Chongqing 400041,China;Post-Doctoral Mobile Station,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆行政学院法学教研部,重庆400041 [2]华东政法大学博士后流动站,上海200042

出　　处：《档案学通讯》2024年第4期91-99,共9页Archives Science Bulletin

基　　金：2023年度国家档案局科技项目“档案开放审核尽职免责制度研究”(2023-R-010)。

摘　　要：作为档案安全刑法保障的“最后防线”,涉档犯罪刑罚具有遏制和预防犯罪的重要功能。通过对涉档犯罪刑罚的实证检视和规范分析发现,我国涉档犯罪刑罚总体因刑罚种类单一而且缺乏威慑力,因裁量标准宽泛而导致量刑失准,因过度适用缓刑而难以实现特殊预防目的,这一定程度上削弱了涉档犯罪刑罚的效果。法国、美国、新加坡等国家在涉档犯罪刑罚理念设计、刑罚种类配置、刑罚裁量等方面有诸多创新之处,其中的成熟经验值得我国镜鉴。未来应当立足于涉档犯罪之一般预防和特殊预防目标,通过增补刑罚种类并明确其适用规则、统一刑罚裁量标准、规范缓刑适用等方式,希冀完善我国涉档犯罪刑罚制度,充分发挥其犯罪惩戒和预防功能。As the"last line of defense"for the criminal law protection of archival security,the penalty for archival crimes has an important function of containing and preventing crimes.Through empirical examination and normative analysis of the punishment for archival crimes,it is found that the overall punishment for archival crimes in China is characterized by a single type of punishment and a lack of deterrence.Due to the broad discretion standards,sentencing is inaccurate and the excessive application of probation makes it difficult to achieve special preventive purposes,which to some extent weakens the effectiveness of archival crime punishment.France,America,Singapore and other countries have innovative ideas in the design of punishment concepts,types of punishment and sentencing of archival crimes and their mature experience is worth learning from in China.In the future,we should focus on the general prevention and special prevention goals of archival crimes and improve China's archival crime penalty system by adding types of penalties and clarifying their applicable rules,unifying sentencing standards and standardizing the application of probation,fully utilize its criminal punishment and prevention functions.

关 键 词：涉档犯罪 刑罚种类 刑罚裁量 刑罚执行 

分 类 号：D912.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]