人事档案遗失的精神损害赔偿责任及其规范适用  

The Liability for Mental Damage Compensation Caused by the Loss of Personnel Archives and Its Normative Application

作　　者：王振宇 WANG Zhenyu(School of Law,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学法学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《档案学通讯》2024年第4期100-108,共9页Archives Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“现代私法中物上代位体系重构研究”(22CFX074);中国法学会民法学研究会青年学者研究项目“人格标识许可使用制度研究”(2021MFXH006)。

摘　　要：人事档案遗失能否触发精神损害赔偿责任的问题,在理论层面和实践层面皆不无分歧。考虑到保护档案相对人权利、促进档案领域法体系衔接和应对档案数字化发展趋势的需求,明确此种情形下精神损害赔偿责任的可适用性实为必要。就精神损害赔偿责任的解释路径而言,“特定物说”与档案学理论存在龃龉,“隐私权说”与现行法体系多有不合;相形之下,“信息权说”则准确地揭示了人事档案的权利属性,能够为责任适用提供充分的理论依据。人事档案遗失作为个人信息保护的特殊场景,现行法上对其适用精神损害赔偿责任的规定较为模糊,故应通过对归责原则、损害类型、损害程度和赔偿数额等内容的解释与辨正,进一步推动精神损害赔偿责任的规范适用和《档案法》的全面实施。There are differences in both theoretical and practical aspects regarding whether the loss of personnel archives can trigger liability for mental damage compensation.Considering the need to protect the rights of individuals in the field of archives,promote the integration of legal systems in the field of archives,and comply with the trend of digital archives development,it is necessary to clarify the applicability of compensation liability for mental damages in such situations.From the perspective of the interpretation path of liability for mental damage compensation,there is a disagreement between the"specific object theory"and archival theory,and the"privacy right theory"is often inconsistent with the current legal system;In contrast,the"information rights theory"accurately reveals the rights attributes of personnel archives and can provide sufficient theoretical basis for the application of responsibility.As a special scenario for personal information protection,the loss of personnel Archives is subject to vague provisions on the application of compensation liability for mental damage in current laws.Therefore,it is necessary to further promote the standardized application of compensation liability for mental damage and the comprehensive implementation of the Archives Law by explaining and distinguishing the principles of attribution,types of damage,degree of damage,and amount of compensation.

关 键 词：精神损害赔偿 人事档案 档案遗失 档案法 侵权责任 个人信息 

分 类 号：G275.9[文化科学—档案学] D912.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]