大兴安岭沿麓黑土区翻耕农田微立垡覆盖阻风减蚀技术创新与应用  

Innovation and application of wind inhibition and erosion reduction technology for micro ripper covering of plough farmland in the black soil region along the foothill of Daxing′anling Mountains

作　　者：张向前 师晶晶 戎美仁 路战远 任永峰 程玉臣 张德健[3] 孟天天 郝楠森 ZHANG Xiangqian;SHI Jingjing;RONG Meiren;LU Zhanyuan;REN Yongfeng;CHENG Yuchen;ZHANG Dejian;MENG Tiantian;HAO Nansen(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hohhot 010031,China;College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Hulun Buir Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center,Hulun Buir 021000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [3]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [4]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [5]呼伦贝尔市农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021000

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2024年第2期107-114,共8页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：内蒙古科技重大专项(ZDZX2016014);内蒙古科技计划项目(2021GG064)。

摘　　要：大兴安岭沿麓是我国重要的农畜产品生产基地,由于长期过度耕作和单一翻耕等不合理的耕作方式,加速了该地区农田风蚀退化、质量下降和产能降低,因此,减少土壤风蚀、提升农田地力和作物产量是农业可持续发展亟待解决的问题。文章综述了不同类型生态区传统翻耕、长期免耕、合理轮耕技术及其应用效果,论述了翻耕地微立垡覆盖阻风减蚀核心技术的内容及其对土壤风蚀、蓄水保墒、作物生长与产量等方面的影响,明确了微立垡覆盖是大兴安岭沿麓黑土区翻耕地冬春季风蚀防控的关键技术和途径。翻耕地微立垡覆盖阻风减蚀技术大面积应用效果显著,破解了长期以来翻耕农田裸露风蚀重、水土流失损失大导致农田逐步退化的科技难题,为大兴安岭沿麓及其生态类型相似区翻耕农田风蚀防控研究提供了重要支撑。The foothill of Daxing′anling Mountains is an important production base of agricultural and livestock products in China.For a long time,unreasonable tillage methods such as excessive tillage and single tillage have accelerated the degradation of farmland wind erosion,quality decline,and reduced production capacity.Therefore,reducing soil wind erosion,improving farmland fertility and crop yield are urgent issues that need to be addressed for sustainable agricultural development.In this article,the techniques and application effects of traditional tilling,long-term no-tilling and rational rotation in areas of different ecological types were reviewed,and the content of core techniques of wind resistance and erosion reduction for micro ripper covering were discussed,as well as their effects on soil wind erosion,water retention and crop growth and yield.It was clarified that micro ripper covering is a key technology and approach for wind erosion prevention and control in winter and spring in the black soil region along the foothill of Daxing′anling Mountains,and the application in large areas has been effective,which solves the scientific and technological problems of the gradual degradation of farmland caused by heavy exposed wind erosion and heavy soil and water loss for a long time.It provides significant support for wind erosion prevention and control of plowed farmland along the foothill of Daxing′anling Mountains and its similar ecological types.

关 键 词：大兴安岭沿麓 黑土区 翻耕农田 微立垡覆盖 阻风减蚀技术 

分 类 号：S341[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S342[农业科学—农艺学]