保亭近腹吸鳅遗传多样性及保护建议  

Genetic diversity of Plesiomyzon baotingensis,a rare and endangered fish in Hainan Province,and its conservation

作　　者：邓树庆 蔡杏伟 王韩 符成慧 张清凤 申志新 李高俊 李芳远 DENG Shuqing;CAI Xingwei;WANG Han;FU Chenghui;ZHANG Qingfeng;SHEN Zhixin;LI Gaojun;LI Fangyuan(Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571126,China;The Changjiang Civilization Museum(Wuhan Natural History Museum),Wuhan,Hubei 430010,China;Yinggeling Branch,Hainan Tropic Rainforest National Park Administration,Baisha,Hainan 572800,China;Hainan Research Center for Freshwater Biological Resource and Ecological Environmental Protection Haikou,Hainan 571126,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省海洋与渔业科学院,海口571126 [2]长江文明馆(武汉自然博物馆),武汉430010 [3]海南热带雨林国家公园管理局鹦哥岭分局,海南白沙572800 [4]海南淡水生物资源及生态环境保护研究中心,海口571126

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2024年第4期419-426,共8页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：海南省科技厅重点研发项目(ZDYF2023HFZ132);海南省自然科学基金项目(320RC748)。

摘　　要：为了提供保亭近腹吸鳅(Plesiomyzon baotingensis)遗传多样性现状与种质资源保护相关实验数据,采集海南省保亭八村、鹦哥岭、琼中、红军潭和崩岭等5个地理群体共计103尾保亭近腹吸鳅,基于线粒体Cytb基因序列开展遗传多样性分析,结果在1 047 bp的Cytb序列中共检测出58个变异位点和11个单倍型,呈现较高的单倍型多样性(h=0.815)和较高的核苷酸多样性(π=0.024 71)。AMOVA分析显示,保亭近腹吸鳅的大多数遗传差异来自群体间(77.86%);5个群体间的Fst值为0.779(P <0.01),种群间的遗传距离0.000 3~0.046 4,其中八村和红军潭群体间遗传距离最大(0.046 4),鹦哥岭和琼中群体遗传距离最小(0.000 3)。中性检验结果显示鹦哥岭群体的Fu’s Fs值为负值(P <0.05),表明鹦哥岭群体可能经历了种群扩张事件。研究发现保亭近腹吸鳅群体核苷酸多样性低,表明其对环境变化的适应能力低;系统发育进化树结果表明,保亭近腹吸鳅的5个地理种群形成了2个谱系。为了更好地保护保亭近腹吸鳅野生资源和遗传结构,建议应重点关注保亭近腹吸鳅的2个线粒体DNA谱系分支。此外,崩岭地理种群在2个遗传谱系中均有分布,且在5个地理种群中含有的单倍型和特有单倍型数量均最多,建议应加大崩岭地区的保护力度。Plesiomyzon baotingensis is endemic to Hainan province.Due to river pollution,overfishing,invasive species and habitat degradation,the wild population of P.baotingensis is quite small in Hainan Province.An attempt was made to estimate genetic diversity of P.baotingensis to provide experimental data of its germplasm resources.An analysis was made of 103 individuals including 5 geographic populations(Bacun,Yinggeling,Qiongzhong,Hongjuntan and Bengling).Partial sequences of Cytb gene(1047 bp)were obtained from these individuals.Fifty-eight variable sites and 11 haplotypes were identified in the whole populations,respectively with relatively high haplotype diversity(h=0.815)and high nucleotide diversity(π=0.02471).The analysis of molecular variance of the populations indicated that most of genetic variation(77.86%)came from between population.Fstvalue among five populations was 0.779(P<0.01),and the genetic distance between populations ranged from 0.0003 to 0.0464;the farthest genetic distance(0.0464)of P.baotingensis was identified between Bacun and Hongjuntan populations,and the closest genetic distance(0.0003)was found between Yinggeling and Qiongzhong populations.Fu’s Fs neutral test showed that historical population expansion was observed in the Yinggeling population.Phylogenetic tree showed there were two lineages in the five P.baotingensis populations in Hainan.In order to better conserve the wild resources and genetic structure of P.baotingensis,two mitochondrial DNA lineages should be paid more attention to.The geographical population of P.baotingensis in Bengling was found to contain two lineages,and its haplotypes and endemic haplotypes were the largest in number among the five geographical populations.It is suggested to strengthen the conservation of P.baotingensis in the Bengling area.

关 键 词：保亭近腹吸鳅 线粒体DNA CYTB基因 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]