鹊鸲(Copsychus saularis)对人工巢箱位置的选择策略  

Selection strategy of Copsychus saularis for the location of artificial nest boxes

作　　者：冯艳民 许誉馨 郑元斌 郭艺 饶晓东 马雪峰 FENG Yanmin;XU Yuxin;ZHENG Yuanbin;GUO Yi;RAO Xiaodong;MA Xuefeng(School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Danzhou,Hainan 571737;Liaotong Forest Park Management and Protection Center,Liaotong,Inner Mangolia 028199;Anyuan Forestry Bureau,Anyuan,Jiangxi 342100;Haikou Key Laboratory for Smart Forestry,Haikou,Hainan 570228;Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden,Haikou,Hainan 570110,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海南儋州571737 [2]通辽市森林公园管护中心,内蒙古通辽028199 [3]江西省安远县林业局,江西安远342100 [4]海口市智慧林业重点实验室,海口570228 [5]海南热带野生动植物园,海口570110

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2024年第4期437-444,共8页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(320RC506);国家自然科学基金项目(31800320,32360250)。

摘　　要：为研究鹊鸲(Copsychus saularis)巢箱选择策略及主要影响因素,在海南热带野生动植物园内共设置了150个人工巢箱,于2021年和2022年鸟类繁殖期内调查了鹊鸲种群对巢箱的选择行为。结果发现:(1)2年共有59个人工巢箱被鹊鸲占用繁殖。其中,2021年监测巢箱90个,34巢被占用繁殖,巢箱的利用率为37.78%,重复利用率为14.71%;2022年监测巢箱60个,25巢被占用繁殖,巢箱的利用率41.67%,重复利用率为16.00%;2年繁殖成功率分别为67.65%和68.00%;(2)鹊鸲优先选择距水源距离较近[(14.25±13.66)m],巢上枝距较高[(2.57±1.81)m]的巢箱,同时,距地面高度[(2.82±0.53)m],距道路距离[(9.34±7.02)m],草本盖度[(34.07±28.15)%],巢树胸径[(91.30±24.30)cm],地面裸露度[(30.00±22.40)%]也是其重要影响因素;(3)影响鹊鸲巢址选择的主要因素有隐蔽程度因素(34.32%),干扰因素(25.76%)和生存资源因素(17.65%)。巢址的优劣程度主要取决于筑巢的隐蔽性和不易接近性。本研究结果表明:鹊鸲在巢箱选择时,依次考虑隐蔽度、干扰因素和生存资源因素。后续的研究将关注城市化对鹊鸲巢址选择的影响及对不同种群繁殖成功率的影响。In order to study the nest site selection preferences and main influencing factors of Oriental Magpie-Robin(Copsychus saularis),a total of 150 artificial nest boxes were set up in Hainan Tropical Wildlife and Botanical Garden.The selection behavior of Oriental Magpie-Robin population reproduced in the artificial nest boxes was investigated during the breeding season in 2021 and 2022.The results showed that a total of 59 artificial nest boxes were used for reproduction by Oriental Magpie-Robin in two years.Among all the artificial nest boxes 90 were monitored in 2021,and 34 were used for reproduction;the utilization rate of the nest boxes was 37.78%,and the reuse rate was 14.71%.In 2022,60 nest boxes were monitored and 25 were used for reproduction;the utilization rate of the nest boxes was 41.67%,and the reuse rate was 16.00%.The reproductive success rates in these 2 years were 67.65%and 68.00%,respectively.The nest box with a closer distance from the water source(14.25±13.66 m)and a higher branch distance above the nest boxes(2.57±1.81 m)were preferred by the Oriental Magpie-Robin.At the same time,the height from the ground(2.82±0.53 m),the distance from the road(9.34±7.02 m),the herb coverage(34.07±28.15%),the trunk diameter at breast height of the nest tree(91.30±24.30 cm)and the ground exposure(30.00±22.40%)were also the important influencing factors.The main factors affecting the nest site selection of the Oriental Magpie-Robin are the degree of concealment(34.32%),the interference factor(25.76%)and the survival resource factor(17.65%).The quality of the nest sites mainly depends on the concealment and inaccessibility of nesting.In this study,the factors of concealment,interference and survival resources were considered by the Oriental Magpie-Robin in their selection of nest boxes.Subsequent studies will focus on the impact of urbanization on nest site selection and the reproductive success rate among different populations.

关 键 词：鹊鸲 巢址选择 繁殖成效 海南热带野生动植物园 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]