上海市主栽果树施肥现状调查与评价  

Current Status Investigation and Evaluation on Main Fruit Trees Fertilization in Shanghai

作　　者：王站付 董晖 邱荷婷 费希望 黄觊禕 杨晓磊[1] 金海洋[1] WANG Zhanfu;DONG Hui;QIU Heting;FEI Xiwang;HUANG Jiyi;YANG Xiaolei;JIN Haiyang(Extension Service Center of Agricultural Technology of Shanghai,Shanghai 201103,China;Songjiang district center of agri-products quality and safety,Shanghai 201611,China;Songjiang District Agro-Technology Extension Center,Shanghai 201607,China;Fengxian District Agro-Technology Extension Center,Shanghai 201400,China;Jinshan District Agro-Technology Extension Center,Shanghai 201599,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业技术推广服务中心,上海201103 [2]上海市松江区农产品质量安全中心,上海201611 [3]上海市松江区农业技术推广中心,上海201607 [4]上海市奉贤区农业技术推广中心,上海201400 [5]上海市金山区农业技术推广中心,上海201599

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2024年第4期43-46,共4页Journal of Fruit Resources

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目(2021-02-08-00-12-F00796)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解上海市主栽果树施肥现状,查明施肥中存在的主要问题。【方法】基于全国农户施肥监测系统,于2022年对上海市柑橘、梨、葡萄和桃等四大主栽果树全生育期的施肥情况进行调查分析。【结果】结果表明,1)2022年上海市每亩(667m^(2))果园投入化肥量折纯为33.73 kg,其中氮肥11.97 kg、磷肥10.47 kg、钾肥11.29 kg。2)上海市主栽果树果园单位面积化肥施入量低于国内果树平均施肥水平,且存在氮磷钾比例不平衡现象,磷肥施入量占比偏高。3)果树有机肥覆盖率为68.15%,梨树、葡萄和桃种植户有机肥施入比例均较高,有机肥施入量也较大,但柑橘有机肥覆盖率较低,且农户间有机肥施用量差异显著。【结论】建议进一步推广果园测土配方施肥技术,优化肥料结构,采用有机肥替代化肥技术,协调养分投入比例,促进化肥减量增效。【Objective】Understand the current status of fertilization for main fruit trees in Shanghai and identify the main problems in fertilization.【Methods】Based on the national farmer fertilization monitoring system,an analysis was conducted on the fertilization situation of four major fruit trees,citrus,pear,grape,and peach,throughout their entire growth period in 2022.【Results】The results show that 1)in 2022,the total amount of chemical fertilizer input for fruit trees in Shanghai orchards per 667m^(2)was converted to 33.73 kg,nitrogen fertilizer was 11.97 kg,phosphorus fertilizer was 10.47 kg,and potassium fertilizer was 11.29 kg.2)The amount of chemical fertilizer applied per unit area of the main fruit tree orchards in Shanghai was lower than the average fertilization level of domestic fruit trees,and there was an imbalance in the proportion of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and the proportion of phosphorus fertilizer application was high.3)The coverage rate of organic fertilizer for fruit trees was 68.15%.The proportion of organic fertilizer application by pear,grape,and peach growers was relatively high,and the amount of organic fertilizer application was also large.However,the coverage rate of organic fertilizer for citrus was low,and there was a significant difference in the amount of organic fertilizer application among growers.【Conclusion】It is suggested to further promote the orchard soil testing and formula fertilization technology,optimize the fertilizer structure,use organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer technology,coordinate the proportion of nutrient input,and promote the reduction and efficiency of chemical fertilizer.

关 键 词：果树 施肥 产量 有机肥 上海 

分 类 号：S606.2[农业科学—园艺学]