澳洲坚果改良主干形的整形修剪技术要点  

Key Points of Shaping and Pruning Techniques for Improved Trunk Shape of Macadamia Integrifolia

作　　者：张金云 刘姚 宋杰 吴世军 杨光 阳桂芳 ZHANG Jinyun;LIU Yao;SONG Jie;WU Shijun;YANG Guang;YANG Guifang(College of Horticulture and Food,Guangdong Vocational College of Ecological Engineering,Guangzhou Guangdong 510520,China)

机构地区：[1]广东生态工程职业学院园艺与食品学院,广东广州510520

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2024年第4期81-85,共5页Journal of Fruit Resources

基　　金：乡村振兴战略省级财政专项资金(森林资源培育及管护、林业产业发展)《澳洲坚果产业标准体系规划与路线图及产品质量安全体系研究》(2019-01);国家重点研发计划资助项目《热带木本油料作物新品种培育及高效配套关键技术研究与示范》(2023YFD2200700);中央财政林业改革发展资金(林业科技推广示范补助)《澳洲坚果新品系丰产栽培示范》(2020GDTK05);广东生态工程职业学院2020年校级精品在线开放课程项目《果树设施栽培》(2020zlgc-xj-jpkc007);广东生态工程职业学院2022年校级教育教学改革研究与实践项目《基于“线上嵌工匠、赛证一体、基地生产化”的休闲农业生产技术实践教学改革与研究》(2022 zlgc-xj-jxgg02);广东生态工程职业学院2023年校级教育质量工程项目《休闲农业生产技术》产教融合实训基地(2023zlgc-xj-xnjd05)。

摘　　要：整形修剪在澳洲坚果栽培管理中发挥着重要作用,整形是果实丰产的基础,修剪是果实优质的技术保障,树形是整形与修剪综合作用的结果,合理的树形与修剪是丰产稳产的前提。生产上澳洲坚果常用的树形有圆头形、开心形、疏层分层形、自由纺缍形和直立中央领导干树形,在此基础上重点总结了直立中央领导干树形和疏层分层形的特点,集成了直立中央领导干树形和疏层分层形的优点,提出了澳洲坚果改良主干树形,阐述了澳洲坚果改良主干树形在幼树期、结果初始期、盛果期和衰老期等不同生命周期的整形修剪技术,浅析了整形修剪澳洲坚果栽培应用中存在的问题,为推动改良主干形整形修剪技术在澳洲坚果栽培管理中的应用提供参考。Pruning plays an important role in the cultivation and management of Macadamia integrifolia.Pruning is the basis of high yield of fruit.Pruning is the technical guarantee of high quality of fruit.Tree shape is the result of the comprehensive effect of pruning and pruning.Reasonable tree shape and pruning are the premise of high and stable yield.The tree shapes commonly used in the production of macadamia are round head shape,open center shape,sparse layer stratification shape,free spindle shape and upright central leading trunk shape.On this basis,the characteristics of upright central leading trunk shape and sparse layer stratification shape are summarized,and the advantages of upright central leading trunk shape and sparse layer stratification shape are integrated.The improved trunk shape of Macadamina integrifolia is put forward,and the shaping and pruning techniques of the improved trunk shape of Macadamia integrifolia integrifolia in different life cycles such as young tree period,initial fruit period,full fruit period and aging period are expounded.The problems existing in the application of shaping and pruning the cultivation are analyzed.It provides a reference for promoting the application of improved trunk shaping and pruning technique in the cultivation and management of macadamia.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 整形修剪 改良主干形 技术 

分 类 号：S664[农业科学—果树学]