河南省近30年分级短时强降水时空分布特征分析  

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Classified Short-time Heavy Rainfall in Henan Province in Recent 30 Years

作　　者：乔春贵[1,2,3] 高牧原 梁钰 易伟霞[5] 王国安 张霞 Qiao Chungui;Gao Muyuan;Liang Yu;Yi Weixia;Wang Guo’an;Zhang Xia(CMA·Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technology,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Yellow River Basin Meteorological Center,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Meteorological Observatory,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Nanyang Meteorological Office of Henan Province,Nanyang 473000,China;Henan Meteorological Observation Data Center,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,郑州450003 [2]黄河流域气象中心,郑州450003 [3]河南省气象台,郑州450003 [4]河南省农业大学,郑州450046 [5]南阳市气象局,河南南阳473000 [6]河南省气象探测数据屮心,郑州450003

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2024年第3期72-81,共10页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技厅科技攻关项目(212102310025、232102320027);中国气象局预报员联盟复盘总结专项(FPZJ2023-077);中国气象局能力提升联合研究专项(22NLTSY005);河南省联合基金(应用攻关类)项目(222103810092)。

摘　　要：利用1992-2021年4-10月河南省101个台站逐时降水资料并结合地形,统计分析了河南省不同量级短时强降水的时空演变特征及其与地形的关系。结果表明:(1)R1h≥20 mm·h^(-1)的短时强降水和3个不同量级的短时强降水频次分布均呈东多西少的分布特征,短时强降水和[20 mm·h^(-1),50mm·h^(-1))量级的短时强水出现的频次均呈南多北少的分布特征,[50 mm·h^(-1),80 mm·h^(-1))量级的短时强水出现的频次表现为南北之间差别不大,而[80 mm·h^(-1),+∞)量级的短时强水出现的频次呈南少北多的分布特征。各月短时强降水频次的空间分布为东多西少,7月、8月和10月南北之间差别不大,其他月份呈南多北少的分布特征。(2)短时强降水年际变化差别大,月变化呈单峰型,6月下旬-8月上旬是各量级短时强降水多发时段。(3)短时强降水频次日变化分布呈双峰型,16-21时的发生频次最高,00-05时的次之,09-14时的最低。6-8月短时强降水频次的日变化特征呈双峰型,其他月份的双峰特征不明显。4-10月16-21时出现日峰值的站点最多,00-05时的次之,空间分布呈东大西小、南大北小的分布特征,各月00-05时出现日峰值的站数最多,16-21时的次之。(4)最大雨强和短时强降水量的占比均呈东高西低、北高南低的分布特征。(5)短时强降水的空间分布、日变化空间分布、最大雨强高值区和短时强降水量占比等均与河南省地形关系密切,地形对短时强降水有增(减)幅作用。Based on hourly precipitation data from 101 stations in Henan Province from April to October in 19922021 and terrain information,the spatio-temporal evolution of short-time heavy rainfall of different grades and their relationship with terrain are analyzed in this paper.The results show that:(1)The frequency of short-time heavy rainfall(R 1h≥20 mm·h^(-1))and the three different grades of short-time heavy rainfall are all distributed in the pattern of more in the east and less in the west of Henan Province.The frequencies and[20 mm·h^(-1),50 mm·h^(-1))of short-time heavy precipitation are more in the south and less in the north.The short-time heavy precipitation with[50 mm·h^(-1),80 mm·h^(-1))has a small difference in occurrence frequency between the north and the south,while the precipitation of[80 mm·h^(-1),+∞)is often seen less in the south but more in the north.The monthly short-time heavy precipitation is characterized by the frequency appearing more in the east and less in the west,with a slight difference between the north and the south in July,August and October,and more in the south and less in the north in the other months.(2)The inter-annual variation of short-time heavy precipitation is very different,and the monthly variation is unimodal.Late June to early August is the period to have frequent short-time heavy precipitation of all grades.(3)The diurnal variation distribution of short-time heavy precipitation frequency shows a bimodal pattern,with the highest frequency appearing at 16:00 and 21:00,then at 00:00 and 05:00,and the lowest frequency at 09:00 and 14:00.The diurnal variation of short-time heavy precipitation frequency from June to August is bimodal,and such features are not obvious in other months.From April to October,the stations to see daily peak value of short-time heavy precipitation are the most at 16:00 and 21:00,followed by that at 00:00 and 05:00.The spatial distribution is large in the east and south but small in the west and north.The largest number of stations with dail

关 键 词：短时强降水 分级 地形 统计特征 

分 类 号：P468.024[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]