降雨淋溶作用下铜矿尾矿库土壤的重金属迁移规律研究  

Study on the migration law of heavy metals in the soil of copper tailings pond under rainfall leaching

作　　者：孙福鑫 宋莹 SUN Fuxin;SONG Ying(Qiqihar Geological Exploration Institute of Heilongjiang Province,Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省齐齐哈尔地质勘查院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《有色金属（矿山部分）》2024年第4期142-148,共7页NONFERROUS METALS(Mining Section)

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2022D014)。

摘　　要：目的:铜矿尾矿中含有大量重金属的废弃物,且具有很高的毒性。当尾矿与降雨接触时,重金属溶解并通过水流迁移到周围土壤和水体中,对环境造成污染。为此,研究降雨淋溶作用下铜矿尾矿库土壤的重金属迁移规律。方法:采集与处理黑龙江区域铜矿尾矿土壤环境重金属数值,通过淋溶模拟装置进行了淋浴模拟,可以模拟自然降雨条件下尾矿中重金属的迁移过程,从而更真实地反映实际情况。使用蒸馏水和蠕动泵展开定流速淋溶,测定浸出液pH值,分析重金属迁移含量和形态变化规律。结果:由研究结果可知,Fe、Mn、Cu、As的溶出主要出现在淋溶早期,Cd的溶出主要出现在淋溶前期,在淋溶中后期会出现二次溶出释放;淋溶前后重金属的各种状态均发生了改变,其中Fe活性形态的变化最小,Mn、As淋溶后活性加强,Cu、Cd淋溶后活性减弱。结论:在淋溶作用下,各种重金属在土壤中的存在形式会有不同程度的改变,进而影响到它们的生态和健康风险。这些发现对于理解重金属在土壤中的迁移转化机制以及制定相应的污染防控措施具有重要意义。Purpose:Copper mine tailings contain a large amount of heavy metal waste and have high toxicity.When tailings come into contact with rainfall,heavy metals dissolve and migrate to the surrounding soil and water through water flow,causing pollution to the environment.To this end,the migration patterns of heavy metals in the soil of copper mine tailings ponds under rainfall leaching were studied.Method:The heavy metal values in the soil environment of copper mine tailings in Heilongjiang region were collected and processed.The shower simulation was conducted using a leaching simulation device,which can simulate the migration process of heavy metals in tailings under natural rainfall conditions,thus more accurately reflecting the actual situation.Use distilled water and a peristaltic pump to carry out constant flow rate leaching,measure the pH value of the leaching solution,and analyze the migration content and morphological changes of heavy metals.Result:According to the research results,the dissolution of Fe,Mn,Cu,and as mainly occurs in the early stage of leaching,while the dissolution of Cd mainly occurs in the early stage of leaching,and there will be secondary dissolution release in the middle and late stages of leaching;The various states of heavy metals have changed before and after leaching,with the smallest change in the active form of Fe.The activity of Mn and As increases after leaching,while the activity of Cu and Cd decreases after leaching.Conclusion:Under leaching,the forms of various heavy metals in soil will change to varying degrees,thereby affecting their ecological and health risks.These findings are of great significance for understanding the migration and transformation mechanisms of heavy metals in soil and developing corresponding pollution prevention and control measures.

关 键 词：降雨淋溶 铜矿尾矿 重金属迁移 迁移含量 形态变化 

分 类 号：TD862[矿业工程—金属矿开采]