清代武陵民族地区稻作的生产、流通与消费  

Production,Circulation and Consumption of Rice in Wuling Ethnic Minority Area in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：杨鹏 YANG Peng(Institution of Chinese Agricultural Civilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国农史》2024年第3期28-37,共10页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“武陵走廊多民族交往交流交融的历史基础与现实格局研究”(20XMZ033);四川省教育厅人文社科重点研究基地项目“武陵山区川菜饮食文化资源产业化与少数民族乡村振兴发展研究”(CC18G16);四川省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地四川思想家研究中心科研项目“张宗法农学思想研究”(SXJZX2022-004)。

摘　　要：有清一代,尤其是改土归流后,武陵民族地区的稻作农业发展迅速,在分布、品种、技术、流通及消费等方面发生了显著变化,呈现出诸多新的特点。水稻种植主要集中于湘西南和黔东北地区,其他地区亦有一定的种植。水稻品种共计295个,以籼、粳稻为主,糯稻为辅,籼稻分布最广,粳稻主要分布于部分高海拔地区,糯稻则主要分布于苗族和侗族聚居区。随着稻作生产的发展,围绕选种育种、耕田整地、育秧移栽等环节形成了一套极富地域和民族特色的稻作生产技术体系。在稻米流通及消费方面,稻米流通主要有丰歉互济、贡奉朝廷、米谷贸易等方式,稻米消费地理分布不平衡,并呈现出明显的阶级性差异。In the Qing Dynasty,especially after bureaucratization of native officers,the rice farming agriculture in Wuling ethnic minority area developed rapidly,with remarkable changes in distribution,varieties,technology,circulation and consumption,showing many new characteristics.Rice planting was mainly concentrated in the southwest of Hunan and the northeast of Guizhou,and other areas had a certain planting area.There were 295 rice varieties,mainly indica rice and Japonica rice,supplemented by glutinous rice,indica rice was the most widely distributed,japonica rice was mainly distributed in some high-altitude areas,and glutinous rice was mainly distributed in Miao and Dong ethnic areas.With the development of rice production,a set of regional and national characteristics of rice production technology system had been formed around seed selection and breeding,tilling and transplanting.In terms of rice circulation and consumption,the distribution of rice circulation mainly consisted of mutual aid,tribute to the court,rice and grain trade,etc.The geographical distribution of rice consumption was unbalanced,and showed obvious class differences.

关 键 词：清代 武陵民族地区 稻作技术 稻米流通 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]