晋唐时期吐鲁番地区麦类作物相关名实考辨与加工利用研究  

The Study on the Processing and Utilization of Triticeae Crops in Turpan during the Jin and Tang Dynasties and Textual Research on the Relevant Terms from the Unearthed Document and Pottery

作　　者：陈涛 乔秋颖 帕丽旦木·沙丁 蒋洪恩 CHEN Tao;QIAO Qiuying;PALIDANMU Shading;JIANG Hongen(School of Archaeology and Museology,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006;School of Chinese Language and Literature,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116;Turpan Museum,Turpan 838000;School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]山西大学考古文博学院,山西太原030006 [2]江苏师范大学文学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]吐鲁番博物馆,新疆吐鲁番838000 [4]中国科学院大学人文学院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国农史》2024年第3期59-69,共11页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新疆吐鲁番三至十三世纪期间的植物利用与文化交流研究”(22BKG041)。

摘　　要：本文通过对阿斯塔那古墓群出土文书和陶器上与麦类作物加工产品相关名实的考辨,结合植物遗存等考古实物证据综合探讨了晋唐时期吐鲁番地区麦类作物的加工与利用状况。研究结果表明,文书中多次出现的“[麦弋]”应为麦类作物的谷壳,而“[麦乍]”为大麦颖果磨碎后的产品,主要用作喂养大牲口的精饲料。“麦饭”虽然可以用来指代熟食,但吐鲁番和敦煌文书中的相关记载更可能表示的是脱壳后的大麦颖果。出土陶器上的墨书文字“[麦备]”则与“[麦少]”含义相同,都指的是麦类作物制成的细碎干粮。此外,研究发现晋唐时期吐鲁番居民已经开始使用硙来磨制面粉,用罗来筛除麸皮,各种类型的饼等面食在其食物结构中占据重要地位,当地的麦类作物加工与利用水平与内地已相差无几。We aim to make a textual research on the terms of Triticeae crop processing products from the unearthed document and pottery.In addition,combined with archaeological evidence,the processing and use of Triticeae crops in Turpan during the Jin and Tang dynasties were further discussed.The results indicated that"Yi"meant the husk of Triticeae crops and"Ze"referred to the product of milled Triticeae crops,which was mainly used as fine fodder for cattle and horse.Although"Maifan"can be used to refer to cooked food,it is more likely to represent hulled barley caryopsis in the Turpan and Dunhuang documents.The meaning of"Bei"on the pottery is the same with"Chao"in the document,which both refer to finely dry food made from Triticeae crops.In addition,this study demonstrated that Turpan people used mill to produce flour and"Luo"to screen out the bran and various types of cooked wheaten food played an important role in their diet during the Jin and Tang dynasties.All the above evidences showed that the processing and use level of Triticeae crops in Turpan has been comparable to the inland of China by this period of time.

关 键 词：晋唐时期 吐鲁番地区 出土文书 考古遗存 麦类作物 加工与利用 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]