火星水冰分布特征和研究进展  

Distribution Characteristics and Research Progress of Water-Ice on Mars

作　　者：刘正豪 刘洋 刘佳[1] 牛胜利 邹永廖 Liu Zhenghao;Liu Yang;Liu Jia;Niu Shengli;Zou Yongliao(State Key Laboratory of Space Weather,National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家空间科学中心空间天气学国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院比较行星学卓越创新中心,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《地球科学》2024年第6期2253-2276,共24页Earth Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2019YFE0123300);国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.42072337);国家自然科学基金青年基金(No.42202263);中国博士后科学基金(No.2022M720144)。

摘　　要：火星作为太阳系中与地球相似的一颗行星,它曾经存在活跃的水活动历史,现今火星稀薄的大气和寒冷干旱的气候使得液态水很难存在于火星表面,火星上水大多以冰的形式在南北两极和中纬度区域分布并形成沉积地貌类型.随着国内外深空探测任务的逐年增多,火星上的水冰环境与宜居性越来越受到关注,以极区冰盖、中纬度冰川作用地貌和浅地表水冰升华地貌为重点,对它们的形貌特征、分布情况、成因机制以及与气候的耦合关系进行介绍和剖析.火星中纬度地区水冰地貌的分布与自转轴倾角有关,当火星处于高倾角时,极区水冰会向中纬度表面转移,此时火星转变为寒冷的冰期,中纬度水冰环境区域增加;反之,则极区冰盖区域增加.因此,火星自转轴倾角的周期性改变引起气候的改变,从而导致形成了水冰在火星表面不断重新分布的过程,主要表现为从极区到中高纬度区域水冰阶段性的富集.通过对火星水冰分布特征的总结,加深了对火星水冰环境的认识,同时结合火星水冰的研究现状提出了展望.火星水冰地貌与火星宜居环境以及生命赋存形式息息相关,对火星水冰的研究可以帮助我们深入了解火星的气候演化历史、宜居环境情况等以及为未来的火星探测任务提供支撑.Mars,as a planet in the solar system similar to Earth,once had a history of active water activities.However,its current thin atmosphere and cold,arid climate make it difficult for liquid water to exist on the Martian surface.Water on modern Mars is mostly present in the form of ice at the polar regions and mid-latitude areas,forming various types of depositional landforms.With the growing number of deep space exploration missions,the water-ice environment and habitability of Mars have attracted more attention.In this article it focuses on polar ice caps,glacial landforms in mid-latitudes and sublimation landforms of shallow subsurface water-ice in mid-latitudes.It introduces and analyzes their morphological characteristics,distribution,formation mechanisms,and their coupling with the climate.The formation of mid-latitude water-ice landforms on Mars is,due to the migration of polar water-ice to the mid-latitude surface when Mars is at a high obliquity,transitioning to a cold glacial period in those regions.Conversely,this leads to an expansion of polar ice cap regions.Thus,the periodic changes in Martian obliquity have driven climate variations and the subsequent redistribution of water-ice on the Martian surface,characterized by a cyclic enrichment from polar to mid-high latitude regions.By summarizing the distribution characteristics of water-ice on Mars,our understanding of the Martian water-ice environment is improved.Also,several prospects on the future research directions are provided based on the current research status of Martian water-ice.The Martian water-ice landforms are closely linked to the habitable environment and potential forms of life on Mars.Studying water-ice on Mars can help us gain insights into Martian climate evolution history,habitability conditions,and provide support for future Mars exploration missions.

关 键 词：火星水冰 冰盖 冰川 地貌特征 气候演化 行星地质 

分 类 号：P691[天文地球—地质学]