腕足动物支撑的关山生物群层状底栖群落揭示寒武纪早期生态系统复杂性  

Brachiopod-Supported Benthic Communities from Guanshan Biota Uncover Early Cambrian Ecological Complexities

作　　者：陈飞扬 张志飞[3] Topper Timothy P. 刘茜 Chen Feiyang;Zhang Zhifei;Topper Timothy P.;Liu Xi(Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane and Reservoir Formation Process,Ministry of Education,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221008,China;School of Resources and Geosciences,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China;Department of Palaeobiology,Swedish Museum of Natural History,Stockholm SE-10405,Sweden;Northwest University Museum,Xi’an 710069,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学煤层气资源与成藏过程教育部重点实验室,江苏徐州221008 [2]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]西北大学地质学系大陆动力学国家重点实验室,陕西省早期生命与环境重点实验室,陕西西安710069 [4]瑞典自然历史博物馆,瑞典斯德哥尔摩SE-104055 [5]西北大学博物馆,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《地球科学》2024年第6期2277-2295,共19页Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(Nos.42202005,41720104002,41890844,41621003,4207020712,42072003);江苏省自然科学基金青年基金(No.BK20221151);中国矿业大学青年科技基金(No.2022-11243);西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室开放课题基金(No.21LCD02)。

摘　　要：关山生物群产自滇东地区寒武系第4阶,是一个由多门类后生动物化石组成的原位埋藏的布尔吉斯页岩型化石库,该生物群在数量上以腕足动物主导,它们大量出现并密集成层,特色鲜明.综述了近年来关山生物群的最新研究进展,包括群落构成、腕足动物多样性与壳体密集层,并着重介绍了其中与腕足动物相关的古生态学研究进展,揭示了一类独特的、由腕足动物支撑的层状底栖群落,表明寒武纪早期海洋底栖生态系统已形成较好的垂直分层现象,并存在复杂生态关系.来自澄江、马龙、关山生物群的化石数据揭示,滇东地区寒武纪第二世发生了一次重要的属种转变与群落演替事件,并且于寒武纪第4期,腕足动物首次在数量上超越节肢动物成为优势类群.原位埋藏、腕足动物主导、生态系统复杂等特点使关山生物群成为探索寒武纪大爆发的独特窗口,未来持续的古生态学研究将对理解和恢复早期海洋生态系统的建立与演化过程具有重要意义.同时,开展该时期古环境的纵向演变研究,探索影响群落演替的关键控制因素,将对寒武系第二统全球地层对比工作提供重要参考.The Guanshan Biota is an in situ preserved Lower Cambrian(Series 2,Stage 4)Burgess shale-type Konservat-Lagerstätten from East Yunnan,South China,which is composed of multiple metazoan groups.Recent studies revealed that Guanshan Biota is dominated by brachiopods on relative abundance.Those brachiopods formed a geographically widespread phenomenon of many monospecific or paucispecific shell-bed concentrations during the Cambrian Age 4.The repaired shell damages and encrusted kleptoparasites on brachiopod shells reveal complex ecological relationships of benthic communities.Associations of sessile epibenthic brachiopods encrusted with kleptoparasitic tube-dwelling worms,infaunal paleoscolecidans,and swimming Tuzoia were discovered on the same micro-bedding plane.It represents a unique,brachiopod-supported,welldeveloped vertically stratified benthic community,which is composed of the different phyla that fill multiple ecological niches,exhibiting a complex trophic network and community structure with increased utilization of eco-space during the Cambrian Age 4.Furthermore,the fossil record shows an unusual ecological transition from trilobite-to brachiopod-dominated communities from the Guanshan Biota for the first time.Generally,the Chengjiang,Malong and Guanshan assemblages share similar taxa,however,the main trilobite and brachiopod assemblages are unique.This indicates an important ecological event of faunal overturn and benthic community succession during the Cambrian Epoch 2 in East Yunnan.In Situ preserved,brachiopod-dominated Guanshan Biota with complex ecosystem provides a unique view of the seafloor during the Early Cambrian.Paleoecology,especially biological interactions between other benthic taxa in the Guanshan Biota are required in the future.Temporal changes of paleoenvironment during the Cambrian Explosion and key factors that affect benthic community succession are still unclear in East Yunnan.Further studies will provide important evidence for Cambrian Series 2 global stratigraphic correlation.

关 键 词：关山生物群 腕足动物 底栖群落演替 生态系统复杂性 寒武纪第4期 滇东地区 生态学 

分 类 号：P52[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]