真空气化分离技术在稀贵金属提炼中的应用  

Application of Vacuum Gasification and Separation Technology in the Extraction of Rare Precious Metals

作　　者：杨斌[1,2,3] 刘大春[1,2,3] 徐宝强[1,2,3] 蒋文龙[1,2,3] 陈秀敏[1,2,3] 孔令鑫[1,2,3] 查国正[1,2,3] 李家荣 李志超 YANG Bin;LIU Dachun;XU Baoqiang;JIANG Wenlong;CHEN Xiumin;KONG Lingxin;ZHA Guozheng;LI Jiarong;LI Zhichao(National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Vacuum Metallurgy in Yunnan Province,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学真空冶金国家工程研究中心,云南昆明650093 [2]昆明理工大学云南省有色金属真空冶金重点实验室,云南昆明650093 [3]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期1-6,共6页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52274352);国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(52064029).

摘　　要：金、银、铂、钯、硒等稀贵金属是保障国家安全和国民经济发展不可或缺的战略金属.从银、金精矿中提取贵金属的主要方法是氰化法,不可避免地产生含氰废渣、废液等剧毒物质.近30年来,有色金属冶金行业大力发展从炼铜、铅的中间物料中提炼稀贵金属,但存在环境污染严重、资源利用率低、能源消耗高、生产周期长等问题,严重制约着有色金属冶金行业的可持续发展.课题组通过产学研合作,解决了真空气化分离的理论和一系列工程技术难题,发明了稀贵金属多元合金真空气化分离技术与装备,突破了“重金属与贵金属”“稀散金属与贵金属”“贵金属与贵金属”高效分离难题,构建了以“高温熔炼捕集-溶液电解富集-真空气化分离-梯级精炼”为核心的稀贵金属绿色、高效、短流程生产新技术,从含量仅为百万分之一的原料中提炼出纯度为99.99%的金、银、铂、钯、硒,实现了大规模产业化应用.Rare precious metals such as gold,silver,platinum,palladium,and selenium are essential strategic metals for safeguarding national security and the development of the national economy.The main method for extracting precious metals from silver and gold ores is cyanide leaching,which unavoidably produces highly toxic substances such as cyanide residues and wastewater.In the past 30 years,the extraction of rare precious metals from the intermediate materials of copper and lead has been vigorously developed.However,environmental pollution,low resource utilization efficiency,high energy consumption,and long production cycles have been significant challenges,severely constraining the sustainable development of the non-ferrous metal smelting industry.The research team,through cooperation between industry,academia,and research,has solved theoretical and engineering technical challenges in vacuum gasification separation,invented the technology and equipment for vacuum gasification separation of rare precious metal multi-element alloys,overcome the efficient separation challenges of“heavy metals and precious metals”,“rare scattered metals and precious metals”,and“precious metals and precious metals”,and established a new technology for green,efficient,and short-process production of rare precious metals with the core process of“high-temperature smelting capture-solution electrolysis enrichment-vacuum gasification separation-cascading refining”.This innovation enables the extraction of gold,silver,platinum,palladium,and selenium with 99.99%purity from raw materials with concentrations as low as one millionth,achieving large-scale industrial applications.

关 键 词：稀贵金属 真空气化 绿色新工艺 产业化应用 

分 类 号：TF13[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]