锰电解用节能阳极及电解液净化的研究进展  

Research Progress of Energy-Saving Anode and Electrolyte Purification for Manganese Electrolysis

作　　者：陈步明[1,2,3] 李海正 江城 郭俊 高超 何亚鹏 黄惠 郭忠诚[1,2,3] 徐瑞东 CHEN Buming;LI Haizheng;JIANG Cheng;GUO Jun;GAO Chao;HE Yapeng;HUANG Hui;GUO Zhongcheng;XU Ruidong(Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Research Center of Metallurgical Electrode Materials Engineering Technology,Kunming 650106,China;Kunming Hendera Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650106,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]云南省冶金电极材料工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650106 [3]昆明理工恒达科技股份有限公司,云南昆明650106

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期20-33,共14页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52274409);云南省重大科技项目(202302AG050008).

摘　　要：在金属锰的冶炼过程中,90%以上的锰是由湿法冶金技术提取的,而阳极材料和净化电解液是影响锰电积能耗、电效和品质的最重要因素之一.目前广泛用于锰电积的铅银合金阳极板存在强度低、易变形和在含F-、Cl-电解液中耐腐蚀性差等缺点.因此怎样在锰电积中降低能耗和提高阴极产品品质是当今研究的热点.本文首先综述了硫酸盐体系和氯化盐体系阳极的性能变化状态,重点阐述了锰电解液的净化除杂方法.在硫酸体系中,通过向铅合金中掺杂Ag、Sn、Sb、Ca、La等元素可抑制铅溶解,同时提高耐蚀性和电催化活性,采用栅栏型结构3DAl/Sn棒Pb-0.75%Ag/F-β-PbO_(2)阳极板的槽电压可降低53 mV、电流效率增加3.09%.氯化物体系大多使用的阳极是碳及石墨、二氧化铅和RuO_(2)型氧化物,非晶态氧化物阳极如Ti/IrO_(2)/Mn_(1-x)Mo_(x)O_(2+x)因表面呈纳米晶粒且具有极细小的裂纹,具有高催化活性和高耐久性成为研究的热点.在同等条件下,氯化物体系的电流效率比硫酸盐体系高出5%~6%.然后介绍了锰电解液的净化,包含硫化物沉淀法、氢氧化物沉淀法、离子交换法等除杂方式的原理及优缺点.虽然离子交换法成本较高,但处理能力高、去除效率高、动力学快.因此,开发新型节能阳极和选择合适电解液除杂流程并合理控制除杂成本,对锰电积节能降耗和提高阴极锰的纯度至关重要.最后,对电解锰发展方向进行了展望.In the smelting process of manganese metal,more than 90%of manganese is extracted by hydrometallurgical technology,and the anode material and purified electrolyte are one of the most important factors affecting the energy consumption,electrical efficiency and quality of manganese electrowinning.At present,the lead-silver alloy anode plate widely used in manganese electrowinning has the disadvantages of low strength,easy to be deformed and poor corrosion resistance in F-and Cl-containing electrolyte.Therefore,the reduction of energy consumption and the improvement of cathode product quality in manganese electrowinning are the hot spots in today s research.This paper firstly summarizes the performance change state of anode in sulfate system and chloride salt system,and focuses on the purification and decontamination method of manganese electrolyte.In sulfate system,the use of lead alloy doping Ag,Sn,Sb,Ca,La and other elements can inhibit the dissolution of lead,while improving the corrosion resistance and electrocatalytic activity,the use of grid-type structure 3DAl/Sn rod Pb-0.75%Ag/F-β-PbO_(2)anode plate of the tank voltage can be reduced by 53mV,the current efficiency increased by 3.09%.Most of the anodes used in chloride systems are carbon and graphite,lead dioxide and RuO_(2) type oxides,amorphous oxide anodes such as Ti/IrO_(2)/Mn_(1-x)Mo_(x)O_(2+x)have become a hot spot in research due to the nanocrystalline grains on their surfaces and very small cracks,which have high catalytic activity and high durability.Under the same conditions,the current efficiency of chloride system is 5%-6%higher than that of sulfate system.Then the purification of manganese electrolyte is introduced,which contains the principles,advantages and disadvantages of the decontamination methods such as sulfide precipitation method,hydroxide precipitation method and ion exchange method.Although the ion exchange method is more costly,it has high processing capacity,high removal efficiency and fast kinetics.Therefore,the development of ne

关 键 词：电解锰 阳极材料 电解液除杂 高纯锰 

分 类 号：TF792[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]