昭通市城区大气PM_(2.5)中重金属污染特征、来源及健康风险评估  

Pollution Characteristics,Sources and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM_(2.5)in Zhaotong City

作　　者：史建武[1] 张俭凤 毕丽玫 韩新宇[3] 钟曜谦 曹莹 吴夏姣 庞晓晨 田森林[1] 宁平[1] SHI Jianwu;ZHANG Jianfeng;BI Limei;HAN Xinyu;ZHONG Yaoqian;CAO Ying;WU Xiajiao;PANG Xiaochen;TIAN Senlin;NING Ping(Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Yunnan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Kunming 650034,China;Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Institute of Xishuangbanna Ecological Environment Science,Xishuangbanna,Yunnan 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明650500 [2]云南省生态环境监测中心,云南昆明650034 [3]昆明理工大学建筑工程学院,云南昆明650500 [4]西双版纳州生态环境科学研究所,云南西双版纳州666100

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期250-264,共15页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21966016);云南省科技厅基础研究重点项目(202401AS070116).

摘　　要：为研究昭通市城区大气PM_(2.5)中重金属的污染特征、来源及健康风险,2018年11月、2019年1月、3月和6月在昭通市四个采样点进行四季采样,共收集了200个大气PM_(2.5)样品,利用X射线荧光光谱仪分析了PM_(2.5)中10种重金属元素(V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Pb和Cd).结果表明:昭通市城区PM_(2.5)浓度均值为41.88±27.05μg/m^(3),10种重金属总平均浓度为347.27±72.81 ng/m^(3),占PM_(2.5)的0.83%.其中,Cr、Mn、Ni和Zn浓度较高,分别为:75.23±22.97 ng/m^(3)、64.05±8.77 ng/m^(3)、50.22±4.20 ng/m^(3)和41.27±24.66 ng/m^(3).10种重金属总平均浓度季节变化特征和PM_(2.5)具有一致性,表现出秋季>冬季>春季>夏季的特点.PMF结果表明:以矿采及冶炼为主的工业源、交通源、燃煤源和扬尘源是昭通市城区主要的重金属来源.工业源的全年平均贡献率最高,达到了34.74%;春季扬尘源对重金属的贡献达到25.19%,远高于其他季节;而燃煤源在冬季对重金属的贡献最高,达到28.21%.气团后向轨迹聚类和PSCF分析显示:采样期间昭通市西南方向是主要的PM_(2.5)污染输送路径,来自缅甸和中国云南北部及四川南部城市的污染气团对昭通市城区空气质量有重要的影响.健康风险评估结果表明:Mn对所有人群存在非致癌风险;Cr对成年男性和女性的致癌风险值分别达到4.27×10^(-4)和3.66×10^(-4),存在致癌风险.To study the pollution characteristics,sources and health risks of heavy metals in atmospheric PM_(2.5)in urban areas of Zhaotong City,four seasons of sampling were conducted at four sampling sites in Zhaotong City in November 2018,January,March and June 2019,and a total of 200 atmospheric PM_(2.5)samples were collected.Ten heavy metal elements(V,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Pb,Cd)in PM_(2.5)were analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer.The results showed that the average concentration of PM_(2.5)in Zhaotong City was 41.88±27.05μg/m^(3)and the total average concentration of 10 heavy metals was 347.27±72.81 ng/m^(3),accounting for 0.83%of PM_(2.5).Among them,the concentrations of Cr,Mn,Ni and Zn were higher,which were 75.23±22.97,64.05±8.77,50.22±4.20 and 41.27±24.66 ng/m^(3),respectively.The seasonal variation of the total average concentration of 10 heavy metals was consistent with that of PM_(2.5),showing the characteristics of autumn>winter>spring>summer.The results of PMF showed that industrial sources,traffic sources,coal burning sources and dust sources were the main sources of heavy metals in the urban area of Zhaotong City.The annual average contribution rate of industrial sources was the highest,reaching 34.74%.The contribution of dust sources to heavy metals in spring reached 25.19%,which was much higher than that in other seasons,while the contribution of coal sources to heavy metals was the highest in winter,reaching 28.21%.Backward trajectory clustering of air mass and PSCF analysis showed that the southwest direction of Zhaotong City was the main transport path of PM_(2.5)pollution during the sampling period,and the polluted air mass from Myanmar,northern Yunnan and southern Sichuan cities in China has an important impact on the air quality of Zhaotong City.The results of health risk assessment showed that Mn was a non-carcinogenic risk to all populations.The carcinogenic risk values of Cr for adult males and females reach 4.27×10^(-4) and 3.66×10^(-4),respectively,indicating that there was a ca

关 键 词：昭通市城区 重金属污染 PM_(2.5) 重金属元素来源 健康风险 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4