石莼发酵条件优化及其在刺参养殖中的应用效果  

Optimization of fermentation conditions for sea lettuce(Ulva lactuca)and application effect of the fermented sea lettuce in sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)culture

作　　者：贾文广 李慧丽 潘晓静 张洪霞 于贞[1] 李蕊 邢荣莲[1] 陈丽红[1] JIA Wenguang;LI Huili;PAN Xiaojing;ZHANG Hongxia;YU Zhen;LI Rui;XING Ronglian;CHEN Lihong(College of Life Sciences,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2024年第3期410-419,共10页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42376155,42076110);烟台市科技创新发展计划基础研究类重点项目(2023JCYJ093)。

摘　　要：为优化石莼(Ulva lactuca)发酵饲料工艺并探索石莼发酵饲料对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长、消化性能的影响,选取特基拉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tequilensis)作为发酵剂,以发酵产物中还原糖、游离氨基酸和多肽为评价指标,采用单因素试验与响应面法对石莼发酵工艺条件进行优化,并进一步比较石莼发酵饲料、石莼未发酵干粉饲料和商品饲料对刺参生长性能、消化性能的影响。结果表明:石莼最佳发酵条件为温度33℃、接种菌量4.4×10^(6)CFU/g、含水率50%,此条件下发酵7 d,产物中游离氨基酸由3.6 mg/g增加到45.0 mg/g,多肽含量由30.1 mg/g增加到96.0 mg/g,还原糖含量由1.3 mg/g增加到20.8 mg/g;用3组饲料投喂刺参30 d后发现,刺参对3组饲料的摄食率无显著性差异(P>0.05),石莼发酵饲料组饲料转化率及消化酶活性均显著高于其他两个饲料组(P<0.05),刺参增重率与商品饲料组相差不大(P>0.05),但显著高于石莼未发酵干粉饲料组(P<0.05)。研究表明,石莼发酵饲料可替代商品饲料,不仅能提高刺参增重率、消化酶活性,同时也为刺参饲料的配制提供了广泛的原料资源。To optimize the fermentation process of sea lettuce(Ulva lactuca)fermented diet and explore the effects of fermented sea lettuce diet on the growth and digestion of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus),the fermentation conditions of sea lettuce were optimized by single factor experiment including temperature(20,25,30,35,and 40℃),moisture(30%,40%,50%,60%,and 70%),and inoculation dose(1×10^(6),2×10^(6),3×10^(6),4×10^(6),and 5×10^(6)CFU/g(dry matter))and response surface methodology with Bacillus tequilensis as the fermentation agent and contents of reducing sugar,free amino acids and peptides in the fermentation products as the evaluation indices.Sea cucumber with body weight of(6.48 g±0.84 g)were reared in 9 plastic tanks of each 40 cm×30 cm×25 cm and fed fermented sea lettuce,unfermented sea lettuce dry powder and commercial diet for 30 days at water temperature of 15-17℃and salinity of 25-35.The results showed that the best fermentation of the sea lettuce was observed under the optimal conditions of temperature of 33℃,inoculum quantity of 4.4×10^(6)CFU/g and 50%water content,with increase in free amino acids from 3.6 mg/g to 45.0 mg/g,peptides from 30.1 mg/g to 96.0 mg/g,and reducing sugars from 1.3 mg/g to 20.8 mg/g for 7 days fermentation.Feeding trail showed that there was higher diet conversion efficiency and digestive enzyme activity in the sea cucumber fed the fermented sea lettuce diet than those fed the unfermented dry powder diet and commercial diet(P<0.05),without significant difference in the weight gain rate from that in commercial diet group(P>0.05),significantly higher than that in unfermented dry sea lettuce powder group(P<0.05)and without significant difference in the food ingesting rate of sea cucumber in the three groups(P>0.05).The findings indicate that fermented U.lactuca can replace commercial diet,improve the weight gain rate and digestive enzyme activity of sea cucumber,which provides wide range of raw material resources for sea cucumber diet.

关 键 词：石莼 发酵饲料 工艺优化 刺参养殖 生长性能 消化性能 

分 类 号：S963.5[农业科学—水产养殖]