南极中山站伯氏肩孔南极鱼体液和肠道微生物的分离鉴定及功能分析  

Isolation,identification and functional analysis of microorganisms in body fluid and intestine of Trematomus bernacchii from Zhongshan Station,Antarctica

作　　者：邵琪 翟万营[1,2,3] 蔡爽 孙凤宇 陈良标[1,2,3] SHAO Qi;ZHAI Wanying;CAI Shuang;SUN Fengyu;CHEN Liangbiao(International Research Center for Marine Biosciences,Ministry of Science and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Center for Aquacultural Breeding Research,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Ocean Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学科技部海洋生物科学国际联合研究中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学水产生物育种研究中心,上海201306 [4]上海海洋大学大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2024年第3期429-436,共8页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(32130109);国家自然科学基金委员会国际(地区)合作与交流项目(41761134050);上海海洋大学青年教师科研启动基金(A2-2006-22-200307)。

摘　　要：为研究南极鱼体微生物的功能,对采自南极中山站附近海域的伯氏肩孔南极鱼(Trematomus bernacchii)体液和肠道内容物中的微生物进行筛选培养,挑选代表性菌株进行生理生化特性测定和次级代谢产物功能验证,并在活体上进行功能初探,观察在低温环境下其对宿主的影响。结果表明:分离获得的菌株主要分布在变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),通过16S rDNA基因序列比对发现,菌株Ignatzschineria sp.LJ11可能是一株潜在新种;伊格纳茨氏菌属(Ignatzschineria)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)菌的菌液粗提物对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 35654)及金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)有明显的抑制作用;用菌株Ignatzschineria sp.LJ11和Bacillus sp.hb117饲喂的斑马鱼在低温下存活的时间较对照组更长;肠道微生物多样性分析显示,投喂Bacillus sp.hb117的斑马鱼肠道微生物中气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)细菌占比最高(超过60%),而投喂Ignatzschineria sp.LJ11的斑马鱼肠道微生物中弧菌属(Vibrio)为优势属。研究表明,在低温(18℃)条件下使用不同类型培养基从伯氏肩孔南极鱼体液和肠道内容物中分离出的多为变形菌门和厚壁菌门,这些菌株具有新型抗生素潜力,同时还有增强宿主耐寒的潜质,该发现为进一步探究极地细菌功能提供了新的思路。In order to investigate the functionality of microbial communities in body of Antarctic fish,microorganisms were screened and cultured on the body fluids and intestinal contents of Trematomus bernacchii,a representative fish species angled from the vicinity of the Zhongshan Station in Antarctica(69°22.5055′S,76°21.5740′E).Representative strains were analyzed for physiological characterization and validation of secondary metabolite functions,and for initial functional explorations in live specimens to observe their impact on the host under low-temperature conditions.The results showed that the isolated strains were predominantly distributed in the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes.Sequence alignment of the 16S rDNA gene revealed that the strain Ignatzschineria sp.LJ11 represented a potential new species.Significant antibacterial effects against Bacillus subtilis,Aeromonas hydrophila,and Staphylococcus aureus were observed in crude extracts from the bacterial cultures of Ignatzschineria genus and Bacillus genus.Zebrafish fed the strain Ignatzschineria sp.LJ11 and Bacillus sp.hb117 showed prolonged survival compared to the control group at low-temperature.Analysis of the gut microbiota diversity indicated that the bacterial composition in the Bacillus sp.hb117 group was dominated by the genus Aeromonas(over 60%),while Vibrio was the dominant genus in the gut microbiota of zebrafish in the Ignatzschineria sp.LJ11 group.It was found that the strains isolated under low-temperature conditions and using different types of culture media mainly belonged to the phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria,and that showed potential for novel antibiotic production and the capability to enhance host cold tolerance.These findings provide new insights for further exploration of the functionalities of polar microbial strains.

关 键 词：南极 伯氏肩孔南极鱼 细菌分离 抑菌作用 低温 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]