国际法实践中的双重标准及我国的应对  

Double Standards in International Law Practice and China's Responses

作　　者：韩逸畴[1] HAN Yi-chou

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院

出　　处：《当代法学》2024年第4期134-149,共16页Contemporary Law Review

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“国民卫生健康治理法治化研究”(20&ZD187)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：双重标准经常在国际关系讨论中被引用,用以表达一个国家对待文明的矛盾态度。欧洲国际法律人在19世纪用“文明标准”捍卫欧洲人对非欧洲社会殖民和控制的权利。彼时,国际法被视为文明与进步的标志和工具。冷战后,西方国家不断强化人权、民主和市场经济的概念,弱化国家主权的重要性,并经常在国际议题上采取双重标准的做法,如不断指责我国违反新的文明标准。然而,我国国际法学者对双重标准的研究成果较少。为应对国际法中的双重标准实践,我国应正确认识到“国际法共同体”并不存在一个亘古不变的“文明”,并应反对西方国家肆意解释国际法和实行双重标准的做法。此外,我国应积极促进文明间的对话,不仅承认西方或非西方文明之间的差异,而且承认共同价值观和共同利益,以应对我们今天面临的无数全球性挑战。In the practice of international law and international relations,there exists a widespread phenomenon of double standards,with developingcountries,including China,being victims of Western nations'unequal treatment.Despite this,a comprehensive scholarly examination of this issue within the international legal community remains conspicuously absent.Historically,the concept of"standard of civilization"was used by Western countries as a tool to legitimize their colonial rule over non-Western societies.According to this concept,only countries that met Western standards were considered"civilized",while other non-Western countries were seen as"barbaric".This standard made international law a symbol and instrument of civilization and progress.Yet,in the post-Cold War landscape,despite professed commitments to universal values and principles such as human rights,democracy,and freemarket economies,Western countries frequently exhibit a tendency to apply double standards in both international law and relations,adhering to international legal frameworks primarily when it aligns with their own strategic interests.This inconsistency is particularly pronounced in accusations against countries like China,which are alleged to have violated these newly established benchmarks of civilization.Such practices reflect a deep-rooted"binary"thinking model,categorizing the world into simplistic views of"civilized"vs."non-civilized"or"advanced"vs."backward",thus providing a theoretical basis for the application of double standards.This selective and biased interpretation of international law not only undermines the fundamental premise of it as a framework of equality and justice but also poses significant challenges to establishing a just and inclusive international legal order.The world today is full of uncertainty,any move away from anything other than an unwavering commitment to international law would be disastrous for the international community.Therefore,it is time to challenge,replace,and crowd out the legacy of the standard of civi

关 键 词：文明标准 进步叙事 双重标准 良好的国际公民 负责任大国 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]