随船观察员协议与海洋权利让渡  

The Shiprider Agreements and Assignment of Maritime Rights

作　　者：王传良 陈新乐 WANG Chuanliang;CHEN Xinle(School of Law,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China;School of Law,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学法学院,山东济南250358 [2]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《南海学刊》2024年第4期61-73,共13页The Journal of South China Sea Studies

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助项目(2023M730456);山东省高等学校青年创新团队项目(2022RW016)。

摘　　要：美国自20世纪70年代开展的“随船观察员”项目(Shiprider program)是国际海域执法合作的举措之一,也是美国实现自身海洋主张的重要工具。随船观察员协议涉及海洋权利让渡,但随之而来的一系列关于国家海域主权、主权权利、国际航行与争端解决的问题冲击着以《联合国海洋法公约》为核心的国际海洋法律制度与国际海洋秩序,给缔约国与沿岸国的海洋权益带来风险与挑战。美国非属《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国也为上述问题的厘清与解决增加了一定困难。在中美海权碰撞,南海局势复杂的当下,对美国依托随船观察员协议开展的海域执法合作进行审慎思考将有利于更好地维护中国的固有海洋权益以及国际海洋秩序的和平稳定。The Shiprider program launched by the United States in the 1970s is one of the measures of international maritime law enforcement cooperation and an important tool for the United States to realize its maritime claims.The Shiprider Agreements refer to assignment of maritime rights.However,a series of subsequent issues concerning national maritime sovereignty,sovereign rights,international navigation and dispute settlement have impacted international legal regimes for the oceans and the international maritime order centered on the UNCLOS,and have posed risks and challenges to the maritime rights and interests of both States Parties and coastal States.The fact that the United States is not a party to the UNCLOS creates certain difficulties in clarifying and resolving the above issues.At a time when China and the United States are colliding over maritime power and the situation in the South China Sea is complex,prudent consideration of the United States maritime law enforcement cooperation system based on the Shiprider Agreements will be conducive to the better safeguarding of the national maritime law rights and interests,as well as to the maintenance of peace and stability in the international maritime order.

关 键 词：随船观察员协议 海洋权利 《联合国海洋法公约》 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]