放牧强度对新疆伊犁托乎拉苏草原土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Grazing Intensity on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Yili Tuohulasu Grassland in Xinjiang

作　　者：武玉鑫 梁飞 崔东 刘文新 刘淑琪 吕立琴 刘璇 黄菊英 WU Yuxin;LIANG Fei;CUI Dong;LIU Wenxin;LIU Shuqi;LV Liqin;LIU Xuan;HUANG Juying(School of Resources and Environment,Yili Normal University,Yining,Xinjiang 835000,China;Institute of Resources and Ecology,Yili Normal University,Yining,Xinjiang 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]伊犁师范大学资源与环境学院,新疆伊宁835000 [2]伊犁师范大学资源与生态研究所,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2024年第7期41-49,共9页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察(2022xjkk20220405);伊犁师范大学提升学科综合实力专项自科重点项目(22XKZZ01)。

摘　　要：放牧是草原重要的利用方式和管理手段,为了探究放牧强度对伊犁草原土壤理化性质的影响,本研究以新疆伊犁托乎拉苏草原为研究对象,设置对照(CK)、轻度(LG)、中度(MG)和重度(HG)等不同放牧强度,载畜率水平分别为0、0.45、1.35和2.50只羊/hm^(2),放牧2年后分别采集0~20 cm、20~40 cm土壤,检测土壤容重、pH、有机质、氮磷钾等指标,分析放牧强度对伊犁草原土壤理化性质的影响,探究合适的放牧强度。结果表明:(1)各土层土壤容重、pH均随着放牧强度增加呈现出先降低后增加的趋势;(2)0~20 cm土壤有机质含量随着放牧强度增加呈现出波峰变化,20~40 cm土壤有机质含量呈现出“单峰”增长趋势,0~40 cm土壤累积有机碳储量呈现出“U型”变化;(3)0~20 cm全氮和速效磷均随着放牧强度增加呈现出“U型”变化;0~20 cm土壤速效钾和20~40 cm全氮、速效钾均呈现出“单峰”增长趋势;20~40 cm速效磷含量呈现出波峰变化;(4)将放牧强度与土壤各指标进行一元二次方程拟合,发现最适载畜量在1.09~1.89只羊/hm^(2)范围内,最佳载畜量均值为1.44只羊/hm^(2)。因此,从土壤理化性质角度分析,中度放牧更适合新疆伊犁托乎拉苏草原。Grazing is an important utilization and management method of grassland.To explore the effects of grazing intensity on soil physical and chemical properties of Yili grassland,this study selected Yili Tuohulasu grassland of Xinjiang as the research object.Different grazing intensities were set up,the control(CK)without grazing intensity,light grazing(LG),moderate grazing(MG)and heavy grazing(HG),and the corresponding stocking rate levels were 0,0.45,1.35 and 2.50 sheep/hm^(2),respectively.After two years of grazing,soils of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm were collected for the detection of soil bulk density,pH,organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,to explore the appropriate grazing intensity.The results showed that:(1)soil bulk density and pH in all soil layers showed a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing with grazing intensity.(2)With the increase of grazing intensity,soil organic matter content in 0-20 cm showed a fluctuation,soil organic matter content in 20-40 cm exhibited a single peak,and soil cumulative organic carbon storage in 0-40 cm displayed a U-shape trend.(3)The total nitrogen and available phosphorus in 0-20 cm also showed a U-shape trend with grazing intensity.Available potassium in 0-20 cm soil,and total nitrogen and available potassium in 20-40 cm soil exhibited a single-peak growth trend.The content of available phosphorus at 20-40 cm fluctuated.(4)The quadratic equation fitting between grazing intensity and soil indexes demonstrated that the optimal livestock carrying capacity was within the range of 1.09-1.89 sheep/hm^(2),and the average optimal livestock carrying capacity was 1.44 sheep/hm 2.Therefore,from the perspective of soil physical and chemical properties,moderate grazing is more suitable for Yili Tuohulasu grassland in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：放牧强度 载畜量 托乎拉苏草原 土壤 理化性质 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学] S812.2[农业科学—畜牧兽医]