热应激对不同泌乳阶段奶牛产奶性能的影响  

Effects of Heat Stress on Production Performance of Dairy Cows at Different Lactating Stages

作　　者：宋振华 董茹月 张磊[1] 樊潇潇 丁旭红 孙小琴[1] SONG Zhenhua;DONG Ruyue;ZHANG Lei;FAN Xiaoxiao;DING Xuhong;SUN Xiaoqin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2024年第7期59-63,共5页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0500507)。

摘　　要：为了能在炎热天气针对不同泌乳阶段奶牛实施适当的预防和降温措施,降低热应激对泌乳奶牛产奶性能的影响,该试验选用45头不同泌乳阶段的健康荷斯坦奶牛,探究热应激对其呼吸频率、产奶量以及乳成分的综合影响。结果表明:(1)热应激使不同泌乳阶段奶牛的呼吸频率显著升高(P<0.05),对泌乳早期奶牛的呼吸频率影响更大;(2)热应激状态下,各泌乳阶段奶牛的产奶量均显著性下降(P<0.05),泌乳早期奶牛产奶量下降率为18.58%,在不同泌乳阶段奶牛中下降幅度最大;(3)热应激状态下,奶牛乳中乳脂和乳蛋白含量未发生显著变化(P>0.05),而泌乳早期奶牛乳中非脂固形物、乳糖和酪蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05)。可见,泌乳早期奶牛的产奶性能受热应激的影响更大,在奶牛的饲养管理中,要更加注重预防和应对泌乳早期奶牛热应激的发生。The objective of this study was to implement appropriate prevention and cooling measures for cows at different lactation phases in hot weather and reduce the influence of heat stress on milk production performance of lactating cows.A total of 45 healthy Holstein cows at different lactation phases were selected to investigate the comprehensive effects of heat stress on dairy cows'respiratory rate,milk yield and milk composition at different lactation phases.The results showed that:(1)heat stress significantly increased the respiratory rate of dairy cows at different lactation phases(P<0.05),with a greater effect on the respiratory rate of dairy cows at early lactation phase.(2)Under heat stress,the milk yield of dairy cows at all lactation phases decreased significantly(P<0.05).The milk yield of dairy cows at early lactation phase decreased by 18.58%,being the largest among dairy cows at different lactation phases.(3)There were no significant changes in milk fat and milk protein contents under heat stress(P>0.05),while non-fat solids,lactose and casein contents significantly increased during early lactation(P<0.05).In conclusion,heat stress exerts greater impacts on milk production performance in early lactation cows,and more attention should be paid to preventing and coping with the occurrence of heat stress in dairy cows in early lactation phase.

关 键 词：热应激 泌乳阶段 奶牛 产奶性能 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学] S823[农业科学—畜牧兽医]