不同种植年限对设施菜田土壤养分及阳离子含量的影响  

Effects of Different Planting Years on Soil Nutrients and Cation Content in Facility Vegetable Fields

作　　者：马瑞 李惠霞[1] 张学科[2] 严海霞 孙浩然 马晶 MA Rui;LI Huixia;ZHANG Xueke;YAN Haixia;SUN Haoran;MA Jing(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021;College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021;People's Government of Zhouta Township,Zhongning County,Ningxia,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021;Ningxia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve Management Bureau,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏中宁县舟塔乡人民政府,宁夏银川750021 [4]宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第13期74-81,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31960628);宁夏自然科学基金资助项目(2023AAC03145);2019年宁夏大学博士科研启动金资助项目。

摘　　要：该研究调查并分析宁夏不同种植年限设施土壤和周边露地土壤,以期探究设施栽培年限对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:1)设施土壤硝态氮显著高于露地土壤,耕作层土壤种植>15年、10~15年和<10年土壤硝态氮分别是露地的4.28、6.78、12.6倍,设施栽培下上层硝态氮大于下层;种植15年以上铵态氮显著高于露地和种植15年以下的土壤;设施土壤速效磷、速效钾含量分别是露地的5~6、1.0~2.5倍。2)设施土壤pH显著低于露地,随着种植年限延长各层次pH均显著降低;3个层次EC值均显著高于露地。3)设施土壤水溶性钾、钠离子分别是露地的6~13倍和1~2倍,且随着种植年限的增加均显著增加;种植>15年钙离子含量显著高于露地;随着种植年限延长镁离子含量降低。由此可见,在我国北方设施栽培中应合理控制氮、磷、钾化肥用量,合理配施有机肥及中、微量元素肥料,延缓设施土壤退化速度,确保设施农业健康、持续发展。This study investigated and analysed facility soils and surrounding open field soils of different cropping years in Ningxia,with a view to investigating the effects of facility cultivation years on soil soil physicochemical properties.The results showed that,1)the nitrate nitrogen of the facility soil was significantly higher than that of the open field soil,and the nitrate nitrogen of the soil in the cultivation layer was 4.28,6.78 and 12.6 times higher than that of the open field in the soil in the cultivation layer for>15 years,10-15 years and<10 years,respectively,and the nitrate nitrogen of the upper layer under the facility cultivation was greater than that of the lower layer.Ammonium nitrogen was significantly higher in soils planted more than 15 years ago than in open field and soils planted less than 15 years;available phosphorus and available potassium contents of facility soils were 5-6 times and 1.0-2.5 times higher than those in open field,respectively.2)Facility soil pH was significantly lower than that of the open field,and pH decreased significantly at all levels as the number of years of planting increased;EC values were significantly higher in all three levels than in the open field.3)The water-soluble potassium and sodium ions of the facility soil were 6-13 times and 1-2 times higher than those of the open field,respectively,and both increased significantly with the increase of planting years.Calcium ion content was significantly higher than in the open field after>15 years of planting;magnesium ion content decreased with increasing years of planting.It could be seen that in China′s northern facility cultivation should be reasonable control of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium fertiliser dosage,reasonable allocation of organic fertiliser and medium and trace elements fertiliser,to slow down the rate of degradation of the facility soil,to ensure that the facilities of agriculture,healthy and sustainable development.

关 键 词：设施土壤 露地土壤 种植年限 土壤层次 

分 类 号：S626.5[农业科学—园艺学]