生物炭对苹果园地土壤理化性质及果实品质的影响  

Effects of Biochar on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Fruit Quality in Apple Orchards

作　　者：张宝轩 王月铭 陈思涵 王浩彤 刘志鑫 齐国辉[1] ZHANG Baoxuan;WANG Yueming;CHEN Sihan;WANG Haotong;LIU Zhixin;QI Guohui(College of Forestry,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 063504)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定063504

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第13期82-91,共10页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：河北省创新能力提升计划资助项目(20536806D)。

摘　　要：以1984年栽植的‘长富2’苹果树为试材,采用田间小区试验,研究了不同生物炭施加量对果园土壤理化性质及果实品质的影响,以期为生物炭在苹果生产中的应用提供参考依据。结果表明:生物炭对土壤理化性质及果实品质均有一定的影响。施加生物炭可以改善土壤物理性质,4 kg·株^(-1)生物炭施加量对20~40 cm深度土层的影响最为显著,土壤容重较CK显著降低10.8%,土壤田间持水量、饱和含水量、毛管持水量和土壤孔隙度分别增加21.6%、19.0%、19.6%和13.5%。4 kg·株^(-1)生物炭施加量使土壤pH在20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层中分别提高8.8%和12.2%,土壤有机质在20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层中分别提高65.4%和47.4%。施加生物炭提高了土壤中全N和有效P的含量,降低了碱解N的含量。施加生物炭可以提高果实品质,随着施炭量的增加,苹果果实的糖酸比和维生素C含量明显升高,4 kg·株^(-1)的增加量最多,较CK分别提高27.3%和37.2%。Taking ‘Changfu 2’ apple tree planted in 1984 as the test material,a field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different biochar application amounts on the physicochemical properties of orchard soil and fruit quality,in order to provide reference for the application of biochar in apple production.The results showed that biochar had certain effects on soil physicochemical properties and fruit quality.The application of biochar could improve soil physical properties.The effect of 4 kg·plant^(-1) on soil depth of 20-40 cm was the most significant,and the soil bulk density decreased by 10.8% compared with CK.Field water capacity,saturated water content,capillary water capacity and soil porosity increased by 21.6 %,19.0 %,19.6 % and 13.5 %,respectively.The application of 4 kg·plant^(-1) biochar increased soil pH by 8.8% and 12.2% in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers,and soil organic matter increased by 65.4% and 47.4% in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers,respectively.Biochar application increased the content of total N and available P in soil,and decreased the content of availatle N.The application of biochar could improve the fruit quality.With the increase of the amount of carbon applied,the sugar-acid ratio and vitamin C content of apple fruit were significantly increased,and the increase of 4 kg·plant^(-1) was the highest,which was 27.3% and 37.2% higher than CK,respectively.

关 键 词：苹果 老果园 生物炭 土壤理化性质 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]