不同年限园参主要农艺性状和人参皂苷含量分析  

Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits and Ginsenoside Content of the Cultivated Ginseng in Different Years

作　　者：樊勇 录亿隆[1,2] 李旭 刘莹 孙文松 FAN Yong;LU Yilong;LI Xu;LIU Ying;SUN Wensong(Liaoning Research Institute of Cash Crops,Liaoyang,Liaoning 1l1000;Institute of Medicinal Plants,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Liaoyang,Liaoning 111000)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省经济作物研究所,辽宁辽阳111000 [2]辽宁省农业科学院药用植物研究所,辽宁辽阳111000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第13期97-102,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家现代农业产业体系建设资助项目(CARS-21-06);辽宁省民生科技联合计划资助项目(2021JH2/10200044)。

摘　　要：以二至五年生园参为试材,采用田间试验和高效液相色谱-质谱方法,研究了不同年限园参的农艺性状、根部生物量与人参皂苷含量,丰富了人参药材的采收理论,以期为探明不同年限园参的生长规律和采收时期提供参考依据。结果表明:随着园参生长年限的增加,株高、茎粗、叶长、叶柄长、根长、主根长的值均显著高于前一年,Y5、Y4的主根粗显著高于其他2个年份。各年份的根鲜质量、主根鲜质量、根干质量和主根干质量均显著高于前一年,Y5的侧根折干率显著高于Y4。主根中人参皂苷Rg1含量呈递增的趋势,侧根中则呈先增高后下降的趋势,在Y3中达到最大值;主根、侧根中人参皂苷Re、Rb1含量均在Y2中最高;主根、侧根中人参皂苷Rd含量分别在Y2、Y3最高。主根鲜质量、人参皂苷Rg1含量与各农艺性状均呈显著性正相关。因此,不同年限园参的农艺性状与根部生物量呈正相关,选择主茎粗壮、叶片较大的植株有利于药材产量的增加,但是园参不同年限、不同部位的人参皂苷含量差异较大。The four different growth years of cultivated ginseng were used as experimental materials,field experiment method and UPLC-Q/TRAP MS were used to study the agronomic traits,root biomass and ginsenoside content,which enriched the harvesting theory of ginseng medicinal materials,in order to provide reference for exploring the growth patterns and harvesting periods of cultivated ginseng.The results showed that with the increase of growth years of the cultivated ginseng,the plant height,stem diameter,leaf length,petiole length,root length and taproot length were significantly higher than those of the previous year,and the taproot diameter of Y5 and Y4 was significantly higher than that of the other two years.The fresh weight of root,fresh weight of taproot,dry weight of root,and dry weight of taproot of each year were significantly higher than those of the previous year.In the analysis of lateral root drying rate,Y5 was significantly higher than Y4.The content of ginsenoside Rg1 in the taproot showed a gradual increasing trend,while that in lateral root increased first and then decreased,reaching its maximum value in Y3.The content of ginsenoside Re and Rb1 in the taproot and lateral roots was the highest in Y2.The content of ginsenoside Rd in the taproot and lateral roots was the highest in Y2 and Y3,respectively.The fresh weight of taproot and the content of ginsenoside Rg1 were significantly positively correlated with various agronomic traits.Therefore,the agronomic traits of cultivated ginseng in different years were positively correlated with root biomass,and the selection of plants with strong main stem and large leaves was conducive to the increase of medicinal material yield,but the ginsenoside contents of cultivated ginseng in different years and different parts were different greatly.

关 键 词：不同年限 园参 农艺性状 根部生物量 人参皂苷 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]