面向北斗导航电文认证的符号级欺骗方法研究  

Research on symbol level attack method targetingBeiDou navigation message authentication

作　　者：付晨罡 陈潇 刘婷 罗瑞丹 黄丹丹 FU Chengang;CHEN Xiao;LIU Ting;LUO Ruidan;HUANG Dandan(Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;School of Electronic,Electrical and Communication Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京100094 [2]中国科学院大学电子电气与通信工程学院,北京100049

出　　处：《导航定位与授时》2024年第4期16-25,共10页Navigation Positioning and Timing

摘　　要：导航电文认证(NMA)技术已成为抵御生成式欺骗、保护全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)民用信号的重要发展方向之一。针对NMA在不改变导航电文的情况下难以抵御欺骗的漏洞,提出了面向北斗NMA的符号级欺骗(SLA)方法,并设计了最大后验概率(MAP)符号估计改进算法,以历次MAP估计值的众数作为新估计量,实现导航电文的快速恢复。基于北斗B1C信号NMA方案开展了欺骗效果评估试验。结果表明,在载噪比大于45 dB·Hz和短估计时延(小于30μs)条件下,SLA针对北斗B1C认证电文能够达到90%的序列欺骗成功率,与安全码估计-重放(SCER)相比,该方法能够显著降低符号误码率,缩短估计时延,具有更好的欺骗效果,也将为北斗NMA设计优化提供技术支撑。Navigation message authentication(NMA)technology has become one of the important development directions for defending against generative spoofing and protecting global navigation satellite system(GNSS)civilian signals.In view of the vulnerability that NMA is difficult to defend against the spoofing without changing navigation message,a symbol level attack(SLA)method for BeiDou NMA is proposed,and an improved maximum a posteriori(MAP)symbol estimation algorithm is designed.The mode of the MAP estimates over time is used as the new estimator to achieve rapid recovery of navigation message.A spoofing effectiveness evaluation experiment based on the BeiDou B1C signal NMA scheme is carried out.The results show that under the conditions of carrier-to-noise ratio greater than 45 dB·Hz and short estimator delay(less than 30μs),SLA can achieve a sequential spoofing success rate of 90%for BeiDou B1C authentication message.Compared with security code estimation and replay(SCER),this method can significantly reduce the symbol error rate,shorten the estimator delay,and has better spoofing effectiveness,providing technical support for the design optimization of BeiDou NMA.

关 键 词：符号级欺骗 导航电文认证 北斗卫星导航系统 最大后验概率估计 

分 类 号：TN972.3[电子电信—信号与信息处理] V19[电子电信—信息与通信工程]