线粒体细胞外囊泡研究进展及临床应用  

Research Progress and Clinical Application of MitoEVs

作　　者：韩玥 刘博文 HAN Yue;LIU Bowen(Key Laboratory of Big Data-based Precision Medicine(Beihang University),Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine,School of Engineering Medicine,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Medicine,The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518172,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230027,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院,大数据精准医疗高精尖创新中心,北京航空航天大学医工交叉创新研究院,北京100083 [2]香港中文大学(深圳)医学院,深圳518172 [3]中国科学技术大学,合肥230027

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2024年第6期11-24,共14页China Biotechnology

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金(2022M723052)资助项目。

摘　　要：细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)是细胞衍生的具有单层膜结构的纳米囊泡,在细胞和组织间传递生物活性物质,如蛋白质、核酸、代谢分子等。线粒体细胞外囊泡(mitochondrial contents-containing EVs,mitoEVs)是近期发现的EV新亚型,以线粒体组分为主要内容物,如线粒体DNA、线粒体RNA、线粒体相关蛋白质及损伤的线粒体颗粒或活性线粒体。MitoEVs外排有助于维持自身细胞的线粒体稳态、恢复靶细胞的代谢状态及参与免疫微环境调节。MitoEVs携带的生物学信息可能成为疾病诊断的重要靶点,其中的活性线粒体成分在多种疾病治疗中展现出潜在效用。综合而言,对mitoEVs的形成机制、功能及提取鉴定技术进行综述,并对其未来临床应用前景进行展望,可为疾病诊断标志物的开发和治疗提供潜在靶点和思路。Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are cell-derived nanovesicles that can deliver bioactive cargoes among cells or organs,including proteins,nucleic acids and metabolic molecules.Recently,mitochondrial contents-containing EVs(mitoEVs)were identified as a new subtype of EVs,containing mitochondrial DNA,proteins,and damaged or active mitochondria.Secretion of mitoEVs contributes to maintaining homeostasis of donor cells,rescuing the metabolic status of recipient cells and participating in the regulation of immune microenvironment.The biological information carried by mitoEVs could serve as crucial targets for disease diagnosis,and the active mitochondrial components had proved potential therapeutic effects in various diseases.In conclusion,summarizing the formation mechanism,function,isolation and characterization of mitoEVs,and prospecting its future clinical application prospects,can provide potential targets and insights for the development and treatment of disease diagnostic markers.

关 键 词：线粒体 细胞外囊泡 线粒体细胞外囊泡 线粒体质量控制 

分 类 号：Q731[生物学—分子生物学]