mRNA疫苗技术在传染病中的应用:进展与挑战  

mRNA-based Vaccination Technology for Infectious Diseases:Recent Progress and Future Challenges

作　　者：厉芊妤 孙榕苑 赵琦睿 尹羽琪 姜姗姗 杨玫 王永华 LI Qianyu;ZHAO Qirui;YIN Yuqi;SUN Rongyuan;JIANG Shanshan;YANG Mei;WANG Yonghua(School of Life Sciences,Yunnan University,Kunming 6650504,China;Center for Life Sciences,Yunnan University,Kunming 650504,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学生命科学学院,昆明650504 [2]云南大学生命科学研究中心,昆明650504

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2024年第6期90-103,共14页China Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(3207050372);云南省基础研究计划重点项目(202101AS070002)资助项目。

摘　　要：信使核糖核酸(messenger RNA,mRNA)疫苗作为一种革命性生物制品,在传染病预防和治疗领域展现出巨大潜力。与新型DNA疫苗相比,mRNA疫苗避免了基因组整合的风险,并且与已被广泛应用的蛋白质疫苗相比,其无细胞的生产方式显著加快了研发速度,提高了生产效率。mRNA疫苗能够编码多种抗原,适应多种病原体变体,同时具备编码抗原和佐剂的双重功能,有效激发强烈的免疫反应。然而,mRNA稳定性、免疫原性和安全性的进一步优化,以及递送系统的效率提升,特别是脂质纳米颗粒(LNPs)的应用,仍是该技术发展的关键挑战。在全球范围内,mRNA疫苗在新冠感染等疾病的成功应用推动了疫苗研发新方向,预示着其在更广泛疾病预防和治疗中的潜在作用。综述了mRNA疫苗的序列优化策略、递送系统的最新进展以及其在传染病中的应用,旨在为未来研究和应用提供全面的参考。As a revolutionary technology,messenger RNA(mRNA)v vaccines have shown immense potential in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.Compared to novel DNA vaccines,mRNA vaccines avoid the risk of genomic integration,and they significantly accelerate development speed and increase production efficiency compared to widely used protein-based vaccines.mRNA vaccines can encode multiple antigens,adapt to different pathogen variants,and have dual functions as antigen encoders and adjuvants,effectively eliciting robust immune responses.However,further optimization of mRNA stability,immunogenicity,and safety,as well as the efficiency enhancement of delivery systems,especially lipid nanoparticles(LNPs),remain key challenges in technology development.Globally,the successful use of mRNA vaccines in diseases such as COVID-19 has opened up a new direction in vaccine research,indicating their potential for broader application in disease prevention and treatment.On this basis,the latest advances in mRNA vaccine sequence optimization strategies,delivery systems,and their application in infectious diseases are reviewed with the aim of providing a comprehensive reference for future research and applications.

关 键 词：mRNA疫苗 序列优化 递送系统 传染病 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]