我国中小学生智力水平分布特点  

Distribution characteristics of intelligence level among primary and secondary school students in China

作　　者：王志芳 张倩 杨媞媞 徐培培 甘倩 曹薇 王宏亮 罗瑞鹤 潘慧 孙文鑫 付一萌 杨振宇 赵文华 许娟 WANG Zhifang;ZHANG Qian;YANG Titi;XU Peipei;GAN Qian;CAO Wei;WANG Hongliang;LUO Ruihe;PAN Hui;SUN Wenxin;FU Yimeng;YANG Zhenyu;ZHAO Wenhua;XU Juan(National Institute for Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition,National institute for Nurtrition and Health,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050 [2]国家卫生健康委微量元素与营养重点实验室,北京100050

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2024年第6期714-720,共7页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：科技部科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY101100)。

摘　　要：目的分析我国14个省中小学生的智力水平现状和分布特点,为促进我国中小学生智力健康发育提供依据。方法本研究对象来源于“中国0~18岁儿童营养与健康系统调查与应用”项目中的3348名中小学生,采用韦氏儿童智力量表第四版对3348名中小学生智力水平进行测评。采用多分类logistic回归分析模型分析探讨影响中小学生智力的多种因素。结果3348名中小学生的总智商(full scale intelligence quotient,FSIQ)得分中位数为101分,智力水平为优秀及以上、中等、临界及以下分别占8.12%、87.04%、4.84%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,城市中小学生智力水平为优秀及以上的可能性是农村中小学生的1.533倍(OR=1.533,95%CI:1.115~2.107,P=0.009);东部地区和中部地区中小学生智力水平为优秀及以上的可能性分别是西部地区中小学生的3.183倍(OR=3.183)和1.893倍(OR=1.893);父母文化程度为大专及以上的中小学生智力水平为优秀及以上的可能性是父母文化程度为高中/中专及以下中小学生的2.279倍(OR=2.279)。位于城市地区(OR=0.376)、中部地区(OR=0.476)、父母文化程度为大专及以上(OR=0.205)均是中小学生智力水平临界及以下的保护因素(均P<0.05),留守状态是中小学生智力水平临界及以下的危险因素(OR=1.934,P=0.007)。结论我国中小学生智力位于中等水平的占比较大,农村、西部地区、父母文化程度较低和留守状态是中小学生智力水平的危险因素。提示应多关注农村、西部地区、父母文化程度较低和留守状态中小学生的智力发育情况,全面促进我国中小学生的智力发育。Objective To analyze the intelligence level and the distribution characteristics of different primary and secondary school students covering 14 provinces in China.Methods The students in this study were from 3348 primary and middle school students in the project of"Systematic Investigation and Application of Nutrition and Health in children aged 0-18 years in China".The Wechsler intelligence scale for children fourth edition(WISC-IV)was used to evaluate the intellectual level of 3348 primary and secondary school students.Multiple logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze the factors affecting primary and secondary school students'intelligence.Results The median FSIQ score of 3348 primary and secondary school students was 101,and the proportion of intelligence level with excellent or above,medium,critical or below was 8.12%,87.04%and 4.84%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of primary and secondary school students in urban with excellent and above intelligence level was 1.533 times of those in rural(OR=1.533);the probability of primary and secondary school students in eastern and central areas with excellent or above intelligence level was 3.183 times(OR=3.183)and 1.893 times(OR=1.893)of those in western areas;Primary and secondary school students whose parents'education level is college/university or above are 2.279 times more likely to have excellent or above intelligence than primary and secondary school students whose parents'education level is high school/technical secondary school or below(OR=2.279).Living in urban(OR=0.376),located in central area(OR=0.476),parents earned college/university degree or above(OR=0.205)are the protective factors for primary and secondary school students with critical or below intelligence level(all P<0.05).Left-behind status is the risk factor for primary and secondary school students with critical or below intelligence level(OR=1.934,P=0.007).Conclusions Primary and secondary school students with medium intelligence

关 键 词：小学生 中学生 智力 韦氏儿童智力量表 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]