无酬劳动对女性心理健康的影响  

The Impact of Unpaid Labor on Women’s Mental Health

作　　者：黄乾[1] 郭建君 杨青清 HUANG Qian;GUO Jianjun;YANG Qingqing(School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,天津300071 [2]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,北京100872

出　　处：《人口与经济》2024年第4期101-113,共13页Population & Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“全面二孩政策对老年人健康的影响、作用机制与社会支持政策模拟”(72074128);国家社会科学基金一般项目“空间关联视角下国际贸易驱动劳动力市场效率与安全协同提升的研究”(23BJL058)。

摘　　要：心理健康是衡量人力资本的重要指标,也是备受国家和政府关注的民生和社会问题。而长期以来,女性作为家庭中家务劳动和儿童照料的主要承担者,参与家庭无酬劳动的时间远高于男性,这可能会影响她们的心理健康水平。基于Grossman健康需求理论,使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2020年调查数据,实证检验了无酬劳动对女性心理健康的影响及传导机制。研究发现,家务劳动时间的增加会对女性心理健康水平产生显著的负向影响,而照顾孩子时间的增加虽然对女性心理健康水平有负向影响,却并不显著。异质性分析表明,家务劳动时间对农村女性、青年女性和受教育程度较高的女性群体心理健康水平的负向影响更明显,而照顾孩子时间对老年女性和未受过教育的女性群体心理健康水平的负向影响会更明显。稳健性分析表明,在控制内生性后,家务劳动和照顾孩子时间对女性心理健康水平的负向影响显著增强。传导机制分析表明,无酬劳动主要通过影响女性劳动力市场表现来影响其心理健康。随着无酬劳动时间的增加,女性倾向选择非正规就业,工资收入也随之降低,这对其心理健康水平产生了不利影响。因此,重视无酬劳动的价值、在工作场所引入家庭友好措施和倡导男女共同承担家庭劳动是提升我国女性心理健康水平的重要措施。Mental health is an important indicator for measuring human capital,as well as a livelihood and social issue that has attracted much attention from the country and government.For a long time,women have been the main bearers of household chores and child care,and their participation in unpaid household labor is much longer than that of men,which may affect their mental health level.The article is based on the Grossman’s demand for health theory and uses the 2020 survey data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to empirically test the impact and transmission mechanism of unpaid labor on women’s mental health.The results finds that an increase in household chores has a significant negative impact on women’s mental health,while an increase in childcare time,although having a negative impact on women’s mental health,is not significant.Heterogeneity analysis shows that household chores have a more significant negative impact on the mental health level of rural women,young women,and women with higher education levels,while childcare time has a more significant negative impact on the mental health level of elderly women and uneducated women.Robustness analysis shows that after controlling for endogeneity,the negative impact of household chores and childcare time on women’s mental health is significantly enhanced.The analysis of the transmission mechanism indicates that unpaid labor mainly affects women’s mental health by influencing their labor market performance.With the increase of unpaid working hours,women tend to choose informal employment,and their salary income also decreases,which has a negative impact on their mental health level.Therefore,valuing the value of unpaid labor,introducing family-friendly measures in the workplace,and advocating for men and women to share household labor are important measures to improve the mental health level of women in China.

关 键 词：无酬劳动 家务劳动 儿童照料 女性心理健康 

分 类 号：C923[社会学—人口学] F240