从“专守防卫”到提升“反击能力”:日本安保战略的质变与影响  

From "Exclusive Defense" to Improving "Counterattack Capability" :The Qualitative Change and Impact of Japan's Security Strategy

作　　者：吕耀东[1,2] 王方 LV Yao-dong;WANG Fang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学国际政治经济学院,北京100007 [2]中国社会科学院日本研究所,北京100007 [3]华北科技学院外国语学院,廊坊065201

出　　处：《东北亚论坛》2024年第4期3-16,127,共15页Northeast Asia Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(20FJB006);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地“十四五”重大项目(22JJD810033);中国社会科学院创新工程项目(2023RBSB01)。

摘　　要：日本政府曾长期奉行“专守防卫”的安保政策,但随着日本对外关系的变化及其国家战略目标的调整,日本政府从防卫范围、防卫对象、防卫力量等方面逐步将“专守防卫”调整为积极主动的防御政策,直至在推进落实“反击能力”的过程中将自卫防御型的“专守防卫”政策最终转向为自主进攻型的防卫战略,彻底推翻“专守防卫”。这样的战略转向不仅在于体系结构层次,还在于国家层次,即突破基于“和平宪法”的“专守防卫”原则,改变“战后体制”,谋求政治及军事大国化。日本对华错误认知将加剧中日两国间的紧张关系,进而危及亚太地区乃至世界的和平与安全。The Japanese government has long pursued the security policy of"exclusive defense".However,with the changes in Japan's domestic and international environment and the adjustment of its national strategic objectives,the Japanese government has gradually adjusted"exclusive defense"to a more proactive defense policy from the aspects of its scope,targets,and forces.It eventually turned the self-defense policy of"exclusive defense"into an autonomous offensive defense strategy in the process of promoting the implementation of"counterattack capability",and the"exclusive defense"was completely overthrown.Such a strategic shift lies not only at the structural level,but also at the national level,that is,to break through the principle of"exclusive defense"based on the"pacifist constitution",to change the"post-war system",and to seek political and military power.Japan's erroneous perception of China will exacerbate tensions between China and Japan,which in turn will endanger peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region and the world at large.

关 键 词：日本 安全保障战略 专守防卫 反击能力 安保三文件 中日关系 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]