公平竞争、要素自由流动与企业专业化分工  

Fair Competition,Free Flow of Factors and Enterprise Specialization

作　　者：刘欣苗 丁志国[1,2] LIU Xinmiao;DING Zhiguo(School of Business and Management,Jilin University;Center for Quantitative Economics,Jilin University)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学商学与管理学院,130012 [2]吉林大学数量经济研究中心

出　　处：《经济理论与经济管理》2024年第6期19-36,共18页Economic Theory and Business Management

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(22&ZD124)的资助。

摘　　要：公平竞争能否打通要素流动的堵点、推动分工深化,是对新发展格局下统一大市场建设的有效检验。本文基于2011—2021年沪深两市A股上市公司样本,以公平竞争审查制度的颁布为切入点,研究了公平竞争、要素流动与企业专业化分工之间的内在关系。研究发现,公平竞争有助于深化企业专业化分工。机制检验表明,公平竞争能够降低企业交易成本,扩大市场规模,推动资本、人才和技术要素的自由流动,从而促进企业专业化分工。具体地,公平竞争疏通了非国有企业中资本和人才要素流通的堵点以及国有企业中技术要素流通的堵点,有效实现了公平竞争审查制度的靶向目标,兼顾公平与效率;同时,公平竞争审查能够从制度层面弥补企业固有的要素流通环境劣势,促进分工深化。本文的研究结论为完善公平竞争审查制度、推动统一大市场建设、构建新发展格局提供了理论依据与数据支撑。This paper focuses on the following questions: Whether the Fair Competition Review System can promote enterprise specialization by breaking through the bottlenecks in the flow of factors? Can the Fair Competition Review System, from an institutional perspective, mitigate the disadvantages in the factor circulation environment? This study serves as an effective examination of the construction of a unified national large market under the new development pattern.This paper is based on a sample of A-share listed companies from the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2011 to 2021. Using the promulgation of the Fair Competition Review System as a focal point, the study explores the intrinsic relationship between fair competition, factor mobility, and enterprise specialization.The results show that: fair competition facilitates the deepening of enterprise specialization. Fair competition promotes specialization by reducing transaction costs for enterprises and expanding market scale. Further investigation reveals that fair competition facilitates the free movement of capital, talent, and technological factors, thereby promoting enterprise specialization. Specifically, it alleviates the barriers of capital and talent flow in non-state-owned enterprises and the barriers of technology flow in state-owned enterprises, thus achieving the targeted objectives of the Fair Competition Review System by balancing fairness and efficiency. Additionally, the Fair Competition Review System can institutionally mitigate the inherent disadvantages in the enterprise factor circulation environment, thereby fostering deeper specialization.This study introduces a novel perspective by capitalizing on the enactment of the Fair Competition Review System as an opportunity to clarify its impact on the specialized division of labor in businesses, based on a clear understanding of the critical role that a fair competition environment plays in China's economic development. Further, this paper starts from the pain points and bottlenecks in the

关 键 词：公平竞争 专业化分工 要素流动 劣势补足 

分 类 号：F832.51[经济管理—金融学]