基于优化施肥下养分投入与梨产量品质的整合分析及施肥建议  

Meta analysis and fertilization recommendations of nutrient inputs and pear yield and quality under optimal fertilization

作　　者：徐浩 王朝阳 徐阳春 董彩霞 XU Hao;WANG Chaoyang;XU Yangchun;DONG Caixia(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Recycling Research/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Organic Solid Waste/Engineering and Technology Research Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizer,Ministry of Education,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省有机固体废弃物协同创新中心/教育部资源节约型肥料工程技术研究中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2024年第4期680-688,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1702200);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-28)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在明确我国梨主产区农户常规养分投入和产量现状,研究不同氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))和钾(K_(2)O)优化施肥措施对梨产量和品质的影响,为通过养分优化管理协同提高我国梨产量和品质提供科学依据。[方法]搜集了1992—2022年公开发表的关于优化施肥对梨产量及品质影响的期刊文献112篇。通过对提取的数据进行整合分析,研究常规施肥和优化施肥下梨产量及N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O施用量间的关系,并基于产量效应对我国各梨主产区提出针对性施肥建议。[结果]从全国范围看,我国梨平均产量为31 t·hm^(-2),N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O平均施用量分别为453、235和320 kg·hm^(-2),全国范围内普遍存在N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O肥养分投入量偏高及各主产区间差距大的现象。与常规施肥相比,优化N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O施肥分别提高果实可溶性糖含量5.5%~7.3%、果形指数1.5%~1.6%、维生素C含量3.0%~3.4%,降低总酸含量3.6%~7.3%和果皮硬度1.4%~2.2%。同时,一定程度上减施N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O有助于梨的增产提质,以此为依据可针对各主产区提出N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O适宜的施用区间:西部产区最佳投入量分别为292.9~390.5 kg·hm^(-2)、113.1~169.6 kg·hm^(-2)和71.0~106.4 kg·hm^(-2);长江流域产区最佳投入量分别为289.0~385.3 kg·hm^(-2)、221.7~277.1 kg·hm^(-2)和158.7~238.0 kg·hm^(-2);环渤海产区最佳投入量分别为228.1~342.2 kg·hm^(-2)、113.9~170.8 kg·hm^(-2)和261.6~348.8 kg·hm^(-2);黄河故道产区最佳投入量分别为258.7~388.1 kg·hm^(-2)、164.1~218.8 kg·hm^(-2)和330.1~440.1 kg·hm^(-2)。[结论]优化施肥能够协同提高我国梨树产量和果实品质,以此为基础提出的针对性施肥建议有助于实现我国梨主产区的高效绿色可持续发展。[Objectives]In order to provide a scientific basis for improving yield and quality of pear through nutrient optimization management in China,the current situation of farmers’conventional fertilization management and yield in pear producing area was clarified,and the effects of different nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5))and potassium(K_(2)O)fertilization measures on the yield and quality were studied.[Methods]The data of 112 journal articles published from 1992 to 2022 on the effect of optimal fertilization on pear yield and quality were integrated and analyzed to study the relationship between pear yield and N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O application rates under conventional and optimal fertilization,and targeted fertilization suggestions were put forward for the main pear producing areas based on the yield effects.[Results]From a national perspective,the average yield of pear was 31 t·hm^(-2) and the average amounts of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O application rates were 453,235 and 320 kg·hm^(-2) under conventional fertilization,while the nutrient inputs were relatively high and there were large differences between the main production areas.Compared with conventional fertilization,optimizing N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O fertilization increased fruit soluble sugar content by 5.5%-7.3%,fruit shape index by 1.5%-1.6%,and vitamin C content by 3.0%-3.4%,and decreased total acid by 3.6%-7.3%and peel firmness by 1.4%-2.2%.Meanwhile,reducing N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O to a certain extent was helpful to increase the yield and quality of pears.Based on this,the appropriate application intervals of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O could be proposed for each main production area:the optimal input in the western producing area were 292.9-390.5 kg·hm^(-2),113.1-169.6 kg·hm^(-2) and 71.0-106.4 kg·hm^(-2),respectively;the optimal inputs in the Yangtze River Basin producing area were 289.0-385.3 kg·hm^(-2),221.7-277.1 kg·hm^(-2) and 158.7-238.0 kg·hm^(-2),respectively;the best inputs in the Circum-Bohai Sea producing area were 228.1-342.2 kg·hm^

关 键 词：梨 优化施肥 产量 品质 整合分析 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]