健康与罹病三七内生真菌的分离鉴定及其群落特征差异分析  

Isolation,identification and differences in community characteristics of endophytic fungi from healthy and root rot-diseased Panax notoginseng

作　　者：林于蓝 张园可心 王宝英 黄杜鹃 林广宁 魏富刚 张金波[1] 蔡祖聪[1] 赵军 LIN Yulan;ZHANG-YUAN Kexin;WANG Baoying;HUANG Dujuan;LIN Guangning;WEI Fugang;ZHANG Jinbo;CAI Zucong;ZHAO Jun(School of Geography/Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Soil Utilization&Sustainable Agriculture/Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Wenshan Miaoxiang Sanqi Technology Co.Ltd.,Wenshan 663000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院/江苏省土壤利用与农业可持续发展工程研究中心/江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,江苏南京210023 [2]文山苗乡三七科技有限公司,云南文山663000

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2024年第4期689-699,共11页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077031,42090065);云南省专家工作站建设项目(202205AF150039);江苏省卓越博士后计划资助项目(2023ZB047);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新项目(KYCX22_1568,KYCX22_1569)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在探究健康与罹患根腐病三七内生真菌群落特征差异及在不同植株部位的分布特征与随生长年限的变化规律。[方法]选取1年、2年生健康与罹患根腐病的三七植株,采用组织分离法对其根、茎部位的内生真菌进行分离,基于形态特征和ITS序列分析对分离得到的菌株进行分类鉴定,并对内生真菌群落组成及多样性特征进行分析。[结果]共分离获得966株内生真菌,经鉴定隶属于3门、5纲、14目、25科、31属。从菌株分离数及分离率看:罹病植株>健康植株,2年生>1年生,根部>茎部。健康和罹病三七的可培养内生真菌组成存在明显差异,其中曲霉属、耙齿菌属、毛壳属和青霉属在健康三七内生真菌群落中占主导,而镰刀菌属、曲霉属、篮状菌属、毛壳属和木霉属是罹病三七内生真菌的优势属。植株部位对三七内生真菌群落组成具有明显影响,其中罹病三七根部镰刀菌属的分离频率高达52%,显著高于其茎部的11.2%,且在罹病三七根部大量分离到木霉属和篮状菌属等有益真菌,其分离频率分别为11.0%和14.5%,而三七茎部内生真菌群落多样性、丰富度和均匀度均高于根部。此外,随着生长年限的增加,三七内生真菌群落的发育更加完善,健康和罹病三七内生真菌群落组成及多样性特征也随之变化,其中尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌在罹病三七植株中的分离频率大幅增加,达到14.5%和32.9%。健康三七内生真菌多样性、丰富度和均匀度随生长年限增加逐渐上升,而罹病三七内生真菌多样性和均匀度逐渐降低。[结论]三七植株内生真菌多样性丰富,健康和罹病三七可培养内生真菌定殖数量及群落组成具有显著差异,且植株部位与生长年限均对三七可培养内生真菌群落特征具有显著影响。[Objectives]The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of endophytic fungal community characteristics between healthy and root rot-diseased Panax notoginseng,as well as the distribution pattern in different plant tissues and their changes with growth years.[Methods]1-year-old and 2-year-old of healthy and root rot-diseased P.notoginseng were randomly collected and the endophytic fungi in their roots and stems were isolated by tissue isolation method.Based on morphological characteristics and ITS sequence analysis,the isolated strains were classified and identified,and the community composition and diversity of endophytic fungal community were analyzed.[Results]A total of 966 endophytic fungi strains were isolated and identified,which belonged to 3 phyla,5 classes,14 orders,25 families and 31 genera.The number and isolation rate of endophytic isolates were as follows:diseased plant>healthy plant,2-year-old P.notoginseng>1-year-old P.notoginseng,root>stem.The composition of the culturable endophytic fungi in healthy and root rot-diseased P.notoginseng was quite different,of which the genus Aspergillus,Irpex,Chaetomium,and Penicillium were the dominant endophytic fungi in the healthy P.notoginseng,while the predominant culturable endophytic fungi of root rot-diseased P.notoginseng were Fusarium,Aspergillus,Talaromyces,Chaetomium,and Trichoderma.The composition and diversity of endophytic fungi of P.notoginseng was significantly affected by plant tissues.Specially,the isolation frequency of genus Fusarium from roots of root rot-diseased P.notoginseng was 52%,which was significantly higher than that from the stems of 11.2%.Beneficial fungi such as Trichoderma and Talaromyces were also frequently isolated from diseased roots,with the isolation frequencies of 11.0%and 14.5%,respectively.Moreover,the diversity,richness,and evenness of endophytic fungal community in stems of P.notoginseng were higher than those in roots.With the increase of growth years,the composition and diversity of endophytic fungal comm

关 键 词：三七 内生真菌 根腐病 多样性 生长年限 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]