慢性热应激对肉鸡盲肠菌群结构和代谢的影响及日粮添加胍基乙酸作用效果研究  

Effects of chronic heat stress on the cecal microflora structure and metabolism of broiler and effects of dietary supplementation guanidinoacetic acid

作　　者：彭旭艺 邢通 李蛟龙 张林[1] 赵良 江芸[3] 高峰[1] PENG Xuyi;XING Tong;LI Jiaolong;ZHANG Lin;ZHAO Liang;JIANG Yun;GAO Feng(College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Institute of Agricultural Products Processing,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学动物科技学院,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏省农业科学院农产品加工研究所,江苏南京210014 [3]南京师范大学食品与制药工程学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2024年第4期731-740,共10页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32072780);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(JATS〔2023〕418)。

摘　　要：[目的]肠道微生物的组成和多样性对宿主的肠道发育和健康有着重要的影响。本试验旨在研究慢性热应激对肉鸡盲肠微生物区系和代谢的影响及日粮添加胍基乙酸(guanidinoacetic acid,GAA)的缓解作用。[方法]选取体重相近的192羽28日龄雄性爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡,随机分成4个处理组:对照组(NC,22℃,自由采食饮水);热应激组(HS,32℃,自由采食饮水);采食配对组(PF,22℃,当天饲料饲喂量同前一天HS组肉鸡的饲料消耗量,自由饮水);热应激+胍基乙酸组(HG,32℃,日粮添加0.6 g·kg^(-1) GAA,自由采食饮水)。每处理6重复,每重复8只鸡。试验期为14 d。[结果]相较于NC组与PF组,热暴露显著降低盲肠拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)相对丰度,显著提高厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度(P<0.05)。LEfSe分析发现,与炎症相关的Oscillospiraceae、Erysipelatoclostridium在HS组显著富集。相较于NC组,热暴露显著提高盲肠中乙酸浓度、显著降低丁酸浓度(P<0.05)。相较于HS组,HG组的Actinobacteria相对丰度显著下降、乙酸浓度显著降低、丁酸浓度显著升高(P<0.05)。与抗炎相关的Geobacillus、Bacillaceae在HG组显著富集。[结论]慢性热应激使肉鸡盲肠微生物菌群结构和短链脂肪酸代谢改变;日粮添加GAA能够减轻慢性热应激对肉鸡盲肠菌群结构和短链脂肪酸代谢的不利影响。[Objectives]The composition and diversity of gut microbiota have important effects on the development and health of the intestine.This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chronic heat stress on the cecal microflora structure and metabolism of broiler and the alleviative effect of dietary supplementation with guanidinoacetic acid(GAA).[Methods]A total of 19228-day-old Arbor Acres(AA)broilers were divided into four treatment groups:normal control(NC,ad libitum feeding and water,22℃),heat stress group(HS,ad libitum feeding and water,32℃),pair-fed group(PF,received food equivalent to that consumed by the HS group on the previous day,and ad libitum water,22℃),guanidinoacetic acid group(HG,ad libitum feeding and water,supplementing the basal diet with 0.6 g·kg^(-1) GAA,32℃).Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates with 8 broilers per cage.The trial lasted for 14 days.[Results]At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in the HS group was significantly higher than those in the NC and PF groups,while the relative abundance of Bacteroidota was significantly lower(P<0.05).LEfSe analysis revealed that Oscillospiraceae and Erysipelatoclostridium,which were associated with inflammation,were enriched in the HS group.Compared with the NC group,thermal exposure significantly increased the concentration of acetic acid and significantly decreased the concentration of butyric acid(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Actinobacteria decreased,and the concentrations of acetic acid decreased while butyric acid concentrations increased in the HG group compared with HS group(P<0.05).Geobacillus and Bacillaceae,which were associated with anti-inflammatory effects,were enriched in the HG group.[Conclusions]Chronic heat stress changed cecal microflora structure and short-chain fatty acid metabolism.Dietary supplementation with GAA was effective in alleviating heat stress which induced the caecal structural and short-chain fatty acid metabolic changes.

关 键 词：肉鸡 胍基乙酸 慢性热应激 盲肠微生物 

分 类 号：S831.5[农业科学—畜牧学]