硅酸钠对碱性盐胁迫下阳光玫瑰葡萄叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的影响  

Effect of Na_(2)SiO_(3)on leaf photosystemⅡ(PSⅡ)under alkaline salt stress in Shine Muscat grape

作　　者：李冠宇 马闯 田淑芬 王超霞 王荣 LI Guanyu;MAChuang;TIAN Shufen;WANG Chaoxia;WANG Rong(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300392,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院园艺园林学院,天津300392

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第7期1359-1367,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-29-zp-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明硅对碱性盐胁迫下阳光玫瑰葡萄叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的影响,进一步解释硅元素提高植物抗性的机制,为硅肥在葡萄生产中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以一年生阳光玫瑰葡萄扦插苗为材料,对其分别施用硅酸钠(Na_(2)SiO_(3),2 mmol·L^(-1))、碱性盐(NaHCO_(3),100 mmol·L^(-1))、两者混合溶液(Na_(2)SiO_(3)+NaHCO_(3),2 mmol·L^(-1)+100 mmol·L^(-1)),以蒸馏水为对照,每7 d对根系进行浇灌1次,分4次进行,总计1 L。处理后60 d,测定其叶绿素荧光参数。【结果】与对照相比,单一Na_(2)SiO_(3)处理后阳光玫瑰叶片PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))和性能指数(PI_(abs))升高,NaHCO_(3)处理则显著降低,而Na_(2)SiO_(3)和NaHCO_(3)复合处理后较NaHCO_(3)处理显著升高,缓解了碱性盐对叶片PSⅡ活性的抑制;与对照相比,NaHCO_(3)处理下OJIP曲线上L、K、J点的相对荧光强度和相对可变荧光值明显升高,最大光化学效率(φP_(o))、电子传递的量子产额(φE_(o))、光合电子传输效率(φE_(o))值下降,而在Na_(2)SiO_(3)和NaHCO_(3)复合处理后较NaHCO_(3)处理趋势则相反,且φP_(o)、φE_(o)、ΨE_(o)值升高显著;与对照相比,NaHCO_(3)处理下单位叶面积吸收的光能(ABS/CSm)、单位叶面积捕获的光能(TR_(o)/CSm)、单位叶面积电子传递的能量(ET_(o)/CSm)、单位面积的反应中心数量(RC/CSm)和单位面积光合反应中心用于电子传递的能量(ET_(o)/RC)值最低,而Na_(2)SiO_(3)和NaHCO_(3)复合处理后较NaHCO_(3)处理显著升高;DI_(o)/CSm、ABS/RC值则表现出相反的趋势。【结论】NaHCO_(3)对葡萄叶片造成的伤害主要表现在降低单位叶面积中光合反应中心的数量,抑制单位反应中心的电子传递能力,而Na_(2)SiO_(3)可通过增加反应中心的数量,增强对光能的吸收与捕获能力,缓解单位反应中心的电子传递,提升光合效率,进而缓解盐胁迫对植物造成的伤害。【Objective】Soil salinization poses as a significant environmental factor that constrains grape productivity and quality.Silicon,recognized as a beneficial element,demonstrates a commendable mitigating effect against a range of biotic and abiotic stresses.Its influence on photosynthetic rate plays a pivotal role in determining crop yield.Nevertheless,the underlying mechanism by which silicon alleviates the damage inflicted on photosystemⅡ(PSⅡ)by stress remains elusive.In this experiment,the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured and the effect of silicon on the PSII of Shine Muscat grape leaves was explored under salt stress,so as to provide not only a theoretical support for the alleviation of fluorescence characteristics of grape leaves under salt stress by silicon salt,but also a technical guidance for grape cultivation in saline alkali soil.【Methods】Forty annual grapevine cuttings of Shine Muscat,exhibiting uniform and robust growth without any signs of pests or diseases,were selected as the experimental subjects.Four treatments were established:control(distilled water),sodium silicate(Na_(2)SiO_(3),2 mmol·L^(-1)),alkaline salt(NaHCO_(3),100 mmol·L^(-1)),and a combined treatment with both Na_(2)SiO_(3)and NaHCO_(3)(2 mmol·L^(-1)+100 mmol·L^(-1)).Each treatment was replicated for ten times to ensure reproducibility and statistical reliability.The grape cuttings were irrigated with 1 L of the respective treatment solutions,administered in four equal installments of 0.25 L each,to gradually achieve the desired concentration gradient.All other management practices remained uniform across all treatments.Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using a Handy PEA rapid fluorescence analyzer(Hansatech,UK).The rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetic curves(OJIP)and associated parameters were recorded for grape leaves from each treatment.Ten leaves per treatment were assayed,with each measurement repeated for five times to ensure accuracy.Prior to measurement,the leaves were

关 键 词：阳光玫瑰葡萄 PSⅡ 叶绿素荧光 硅酸钠 碳酸氢钠 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]