尖蜜拉新品种黄晶蜜的选育  

Breeding report of a cempedak new variety Huangjingmi

作　　者：颜彩缤 胡福初[1] 赵亚 肖敏 李少卡 范鸿雁[1] YAN Caibin;HU Fuchu;ZHAO Ya;XIAO Min;LI Shaoka;FAN Hongyan(Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Tropical Fruit Trees/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Trees Biology of Hainan proviae/Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair,Haikou Scientific Observation and Experimental Station for Tropical Fruit Trees,Haikou 571100,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省农业科学院热带果树研究所·海南省热带果树野外科学观测研究站·海南省热带果树生物学重点实验室·农业农村部热带果蔬遗传资源评价利用重点实验室(部省共建)·农业农村部海口热带果树科学观测实验站,海口571100

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第7期1469-1474,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：海南省农业农村厅:菠萝蜜育种联合攻关项目;海南省农业农村厅:菠萝蜜种质资源保护项目;国家热带植物种质资源库(NTPGRC2024-008);海南省农业科学院创新团队:热带果树资源开发利用创新团队(ITFT2024TDYD02);海南省农业科学院:菠萝蜜种质资源收集保存与创新利用(HAAS2024KJCX03);海南大学热带高效农业产业技术体系专项(THAITS-7)。

摘　　要：黄晶蜜尖蜜拉是实生选育的优良品种。树体较挺拔、直立,树干颜色灰褐色与灰白色相间。树冠呈主干疏层形或圆锥形,枝条无毛,黄褐色至灰褐色,中等密度。叶倒卵形至椭圆形,叶片先端渐尖,叶基部为楔形。成熟果实为长椭圆形,果皮黄绿色,果苞亮黄色,果肉绵软浓甜,纤维含量稍多,果胶含量少;平均单果质量4.88 kg,最大单果质量5.60 kg,果形指数2.0;平均每个果实含种子粒数78个,种子质量0.70 kg;可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为30.03%,可食率为32.79%,品质中上等。该品种在海南地区(经度108.37°~111.05°、纬度18.10°~20.18°)具有2个成熟高峰期,分别为5月中旬至6月下旬、1月中旬至2月中下旬,果实生育期分别为115~125 d和140~150 d;5年生植株每株挂果40~57个,开花坐果率在58.0%以上,单株产量为169~193 kg,666.7 m^(2)产量为1000~2100 kg。具有较强抗寒性、抗旱性和耐热性,耐涝性差;对叶片病害抗性较强,对虫害抗性一般。适宜在海南省定安县、澄迈县和昌江县等水源充足地区种植,第3年即可开花结果,丰产性较好。Huangjingmi Cempedak is an excellent variety by seedling selection.In 2007,the Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,relying on the Agricultural Ministry's Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources Protection Project,collected fruits from superior single plants of Cempedak,obtained seeds,and cultivated seedlings.In the spring of 2008,a batch of seedlings were planted in the Cempedak base in Longhu Town,Ding'an County,Hainan Province,and after 5 years of identification and evaluation,a superior single plant LH-1 was selected,with characteristics of early fruiting,high yield,uniform fruit shape,thick and sweet fruit bracts.Its buds were used for grafting propagation.From 2013 to 2016,it was tested in different regions of Hainan.Its main economic traits,biological characteristics,fruit quality and yield were observed from 2017 to 2021.The certificate was obtained of non-major crop varieties of Hainan Province in 2023.The tree shape was trunk sparse stratified type or conical,the tree body was semi-open,the growth vigor was moderate to strong,the density of branches was moderate,the trunk was grayish-brown and grayish-white,and the skin was smooth.The new branches were light green to green,without fuzz,and the old branches were yellow brown to gray brown,without fuzz.The leaves were leathery and alternate.It had monoecious flowers.The mature fruit was oblong,yellow-green.The fruit bracts were mostly spherical or ellipsoid,kidney or irregular,bright yellow in color.The average number of bracts per fruit was 88.5,the flesh weight of one fruit bract was 35.03 g,and the seeds are white to light brown,mostly oblong and kidney shaped.The soluble solid was 28.30%-31.70%,averagely 30.03%.The flesh quality was moderate to high.This variety was biannual fruiting in Hainan(longitude 108.37°-111.05°,latitude 18.10°-20.18°).The two flowering periods were from mid-late January to late February and from late August to early October,respectively,and the two fruit ripening periods were from mid-May to

关 键 词：尖蜜拉 新品种 黄晶蜜 绵软浓甜 双季果 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]