北京市不同流域典型降雨时空格局分析与应用  

Analysis and application of typical rainfall temporal and spatial patterns in different watersheds of Beijing

作　　者：石树兰 屈东东 高强 刘媛媛[2] 刘业森[2] 李庭逸 白赟豪 SHI Shulan;QU Dongdong;GAO Qiang;LIU Yuanyuan;LIU Yesen;LI Tingyi;BAI Yunhao(Beijing Hydrological Center,Beijing 100089;China Institude of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038)

机构地区：[1]北京市水文总站,北京100089 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2024年第7期42-49,共8页China Flood & Drought Management

摘　　要：随着城市建设的发展,降水频率和空间分布不断变化,传统的基于单站或代表站推求的设计雨型难以体现降雨过程的时空综合特征,不能满足精确识别降雨时空分布的要求。以20年(1999—2018年)的雨量监测数据为基础,以北京市山丘区及平原区不同流域为研究范围,利用机器学习方法提取各流域范围内的典型降雨特征,并对不同流域的降雨特征进行分析。总体来说,平原区降雨时空分布特征复杂,和山丘区降雨相比,平原区各历时降雨时空分布特征区别较大,降雨特征和下垫面地形相关。研究成果整合应用于北京市暴雨设计成果查询系统,可为北京市城市水资源合理配置规划和精细化管理及防洪规划提供基础技术支持。With the development of urban construction,the frequency and spatial distribution of precipitation are constantly changing.The traditional design of rainfall patterns inference based on single or representative station is difficult to reflect the spatiotemporal comprehensive characteristics of rainfall processes,and cannot meet the requirements of accurately identifying the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall.This article is based on 20 years of rainfall monitoring data(1999-2018)and takes different watersheds in the hilly and plain areas of Beijing as the research scope.Machine learning methods are used to extract typical rainfall features within each watershed range and analyze the rainfall characteristics of different watersheds.Overall,the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of rainfall in plain areas are complex.Compared with rainfall in hilly areas,the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of rainfall over different durations in plain areas vary greatly over time,and the rainfall characteristics are related to the underlying terrain.The research results are integrated and applied to the official query system of rainstorm design results in Beijing.It can provide basic technical support for the rational allocation planning and refined management of urban water resources,and flood control planning in Beijing.

关 键 词：北京市 山丘区 平原区 机器学习 降雨时空格局 

分 类 号：TV125[水利工程—水文学及水资源] P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]